Letskikh L.A.
teacher primary school
MAOU secondary school №21, Kungur
Lesson of the world around in grade 3 on the topic: "Crop production." WMC
"School of Russia"
T e c e l i n g s o f t e c u r t i o n s :
Educational: create conditions for the formation of students' concepts of
methods of tillage for spring sowing, methods of propagation of vegetable
crops and planting vegetables with seeds.
Developing: to promote the development of educational, social
labor and communicative competence of students; formation
skills in working with manual agricultural tools when sowing
vegetables; updating and summarizing the life experience of students.
Educational: create optimal conditions for education of students
respect for work, desire to participate in the labor process.
About r u d o v a n i e: herbarium of cultivated plants, pictures with plants;
saucers with cereals (buckwheat, rice, barley, barley, etc.); tests.
Scenario of the lesson
I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
Here comes the bell -
Lesson starts
II. Updating of basic knowledge.
Front poll:
- Guys, what section of the textbook "The World Around Us" are we working on?
looked at each other
And they sat quietly at the desk.
(“What economics teaches.”)
– What are needs? (That's all a person needs.)
What does a person need? (In the air, food, clothing, etc.)
- Name the "three pillars" of the economy. (Natural wealth, capital, labor.)
- What about natural resources? (air, water, useful
fossils, earth (soil), plants and animals.)
- So, integral part economy, or industry, is agriculture
economy. What do agricultural workers do?
We all love fresh vegetables plucked from the garden. But to a beautiful fruit
fell into your hands, you need to do a huge job of growing
plants, which begins with the preparation of the soil and the sowing of seeds. Outside
spring is the time to think about the future harvest.
III. The message of the topic, the purpose of the lesson.
Let's remember what groups all plants are divided into. You walk in the forest
meadow and you are surrounded by plants that we call ... wild. Why?
(They grow on their own. No one planted them. They are not cared for.)
- They came to the garden, and there grow ... cultivated plants (they were planted by a man
and take care of them).
That's what we're going to talk about today in class. The topic of our lesson:
"Planting".
IV. Learning new material.
Teacher's story with elements of a conversation about the history of origin
crop production.
– Do you know that once there were no cultivated plants on Earth. Were
only wild ones. Let's go back a few centuries,
to our ancestors.
In distant antiquity primitive hunted and
gathering. After all, in order to live, a person needs to eat. hunting success and
gathering largely depended on the vagaries of nature: then a forest fire
will destroy the trees with edible fruits and drive away the animals, then the drought will destroy
grass that gave people grains and roots ... And then one day women
noticed that in the place where grains were usually ground on a stone grater,
spikelets with the same grains grew. They guessed it sprouted
randomly scattered grains. We tried to specially scatter grains -
it turned out, and how: where the grain fell, a whole spikelet grew, or even several.
Now it was already possible to grow grains near the house, and not wander in
searching through forests and meadows.
Years passed, man developed, agriculture improved, everything
the plants grown by man became more diverse.
- How did man make wild plants cultivated? He is not just
grew plants near his house, and selected the best, preserved and
propagated them.
Grow good harvest- it's not easy, it takes a lot
know. Know when to plow the ground, when to plant, water what is needed
plants for good growth when harvesting ripe fruits.
– Responsible for the cultivation of cultivated plants and their cultivation
crop production.
In the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, this word is interpreted as follows: “Crop production -
the science of cultivation of cultivated agricultural plants, as well as the
such breeding.
– Crop production is divided into several main parts (industries):
field cultivation, vegetable growing, fruit growing and floriculture.
v. Practical work.
Group work.
Students receive herbarium materials: wheat, rye, oats, barley,
buckwheat. Consider cultivated plants, compare with each other,
make up a verbal description of each plant according to the plan.
Help card:
1. The name of the plant.
2. Which group does it belong to (tree, shrub, herbaceous plant)?
3. Where is it grown (in the garden, field, vegetable garden)?
4. What parts do you see in the plant? How do they look?
5. How does a person use this plant?
Discussion.
These plants are grown in the fields, so these are field crops. From
wheat and rye receive flour and bake bread. These plants are different
spikelets, rye has long, hard whiskers of different heights. Rye is higher than wheat.
Rye and wheat grains differ in shape but are similar in color.
VI. Continue learning new material.
1. Cereal crops.
- Wheat is winter and spring. Farmers sow winter wheat
autumn. Young plants hibernate under the snow, and in the spring they continue
develop. Spring wheat is sown in spring. Ripens at the end of summer
winter wheat, and then spring.
Rye is the most frost-resistant crop of all cereals. known about
40 types of cultivated rye. Rye is used to make bread, alcohol,
starch, animal feed.
Barley is used for making beer, used as a fodder crop, from
they make pearl barley. In some countries, bread is made from it.
Oats are a fodder plant. Oat grains are oblong, porridge is steamed from them. IN
food is consumed in the form of oatmeal, which is very useful for the stomach.
Corn is used to prepare starch, vegetable oil, glucose,
flour products, it is preserved.
Millet is a valuable cereal crop, after processing millet is obtained from it,
it ranks first in protein content among other cereals. Millet -
valuable food for birds, and straw, threshing waste, as well as green mass -
good feed for cattle.
Buckwheat is distinguished by grains of brown color and an unusual shape. From her
get buckwheat.
2. Forage crops.
– Field farming is also engaged in the cultivation of fodder crops. What is this
culture?
The name itself tells us the answer. They are fed. Only whom?
– A person should take care not only of himself, but also of those animals that
grows. In summer, many animals can find food in meadows and pastures. BUT
what to feed them in winter?
Not all animals can find food on their own even in the warm season, so
man occupies entire fields under fodder crops. Have you seen such fields?
What do they grow on them?
- A folk proverb says: "Milk is on the tongue of a cow." What is it
means?
The cow will not good food, which means that a person will not have dairy
products. Grasses are the main food for cows. In the river valleys
there are water meadows on which meadow bluegrass and common bluegrass grow,
timothy, foxtail, mouse peas, team hedgehog, rank and much more.
When mowing these perennial grasses, hay is obtained, which is
good pet food. They contain a large
amount of proteins, vitamins and mineral salts. Also, these herbs improve
soil, enrich it.
Cultivation of forage grasses - a specialized area
modern agriculture.
- But besides fodder grasses, fodder root crops are grown. What means
"root vegetable"? Raised for animal feed fodder beet, swede,
turnips, turnips, carrots.
3. Spinning crops.
“It's a very interesting culture. Linen fiber is obtained from flax. IN
in the old days, canvases were woven from this fiber and clothes were sewn. Flax stalks
they are processed and teased in a special way, and then they are also twisted into threads.
Previously, linen fabrics were woven on looms in houses,
and now in big factories.
Municipal educational institution -
Main comprehensive school New Zadubenye
Lesson outline
around the world
TOPIC:Plant growing.
Teacher: Malysheva Larisa Alekseevna
Subject: Crop production.
Lesson objectives: educational: to introduce children to one of the branches of agriculture - crop production; learn to distinguish between cultivated plants; learn to analyze; generalize the knowledge gained. Developing: to develop students' speech, attention, thinking, develop their horizons. Educational: to cultivate a careful attitude to food.
Planned results: Subject: to form the concepts of children about crop production; and the ability to distinguish between cultivated plants, give examples of cultivated plants. Personal results: the formation of communicative competence in communication and cooperation with peers in the process of learning activities; awareness of the need to improve their knowledge and skills. In the process of learning, I form the following blocks of UUD: Meta-subject results. Regulatory UUD: understand the learning objectives of the lesson and the desire to fulfill it based on the ratio of what is already known and what is still unknown; the ability to draw conclusions based on generalization; mastering the ability to select the necessary knowledge from various kinds information sources: works of art, literary art, educational texts, illustrations. Cognitive UUD: practical work in pairs, explore the plant and describe it according to the plan. To identify the relationship between crop production and industry. Communicative UUD: develop the skills of cooperation with peers in the joint solution of a learning problem, discuss in groups why people are engaged in crop production; the ability to express one's point of view, substantiate it by giving arguments; respectful of the position of the other.
Equipment: presentation, herbarium, test
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
The lesson starts
He will go to the guys for the future.
Try to understand everything
Learn to unlock secrets
Give complete answers
To get a job
Only the mark "five"!
“You are talented, children! Someday you yourself will be pleasantly surprised how smart you are, how much and how well you know how, if you constantly work on yourself, set new goals, strive to achieve them ... ”(J.J. Rousseau) slide 1
Girls, boys, please sit down.
What is the lesson now?
We check readiness.
What mood is needed to make the lesson successful?
II. Checking homework.
Solve riddles about minerals and write down the answers.
The kids really need it.
He's on the path in the yard
He is at a construction site and on the beach,
And it's even melted in glass. (Sand)
No wonder it was cooked in a blast furnace.
Scissors, keys turned out to be famous ... (Ore).
Very strong and resilient
Builders reliable friend.
Houses, steps, pedestals
They will become beautiful and noticeable. (Granite).
Won't run without her
No bus, no taxi
The rocket does not rise.
Guess what it is. (Oil)
He brings warmth to the house,
It's light all around,
Helps to melt steel
Make paints and enamels.
It's black and shiny
Real assistant. (Coal)
If you meet on the road
Then the legs get stuck a lot.
And make a bowl or vase,
She'll be needed right away. (Clay)
Flowing through the pipe
Bakes pies. (Gas).
Plants grew in the swamp,
They became fuel and fertilizer. (Peat)
They cover the roads
Streets in villages.
It's also in cement.
He himself is a fertilizer. (Limestone)
Mom has a great helper in the kitchen.
It blooms with a blue flower from a match. (Gas)
Children's answers.
III. Knowledge update
Tell me, what big topic have we been working on for more than the first lesson? What does economics teach?
Who can remind us of the branches of the economy?
Agriculture, industry, construction, transport, trade.
Today we have to get acquainted with one more of these constituent branches of agriculture, and you can guess which one.
Guess what the lesson will be about?
Breathe, grow
And he can't walk.
(plant)
Well done. Who will be able to formulate the topic of our lesson?
Subject: Crop production. slide 2
Pay attention to the entry of the word "plant growing".
Think - is it a simple or compound word, from which two words was it formed?
From the words "plant" and "lead".
Why do people grow plants? Into what groups can all the plants necessary for man be divided?
So, what is the purpose of today's lesson.
Let's get acquainted with some new cultivated plants.
What is crop production? Why do people grow crops? This will be our main topic of the lesson.
IV. Work on the topic of the lesson.
It was like this:
At some point
Puff-puff-puff was born!
Puff puffed, puffed, puffed,
Until I got into the oven.
Came out of there not puffing
ruddy, shiny,
With a crispy crust! (bread).
white belyana
Walked across the field
I came home
She went to bed. (Flour.)
What a delicious and fragrant bread! But to bake bread, you need flour. What is flour made from? (from wheat, oats, rye, barley)
Who knows where they get wheat, rye to grind a lot of flour and feed us all? (Growed in the fields.)
What does grow up mean? (They prepare the soil, sow, fertilize, fight weeds and pests, harvest.)
What are the names of the plants that humans grow? (Cultural.)
Let's remember what groups all plants are divided into
Plants: cultivated and wild. slide 3
What types of cultivated plants do you know? (vegetable, fruit, decorative)
People are engaged in crop production primarily in order to obtain food.
Message about the Russian scientist-biologist N.V. Vavilov slide 4
Vavilov Nikolai Ivanovich (1887-1943), Russian biologist, geneticist, plant grower, one of the organizers of agricultural science in the USSR.
Born November 25, 1887 in Moscow in the family of a merchant. He received his primary education at the Moscow Commercial School, after which he entered the Moscow Agricultural Institute (now the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev).
After graduating (1911) he was left at the department of private agriculture. In 1917 he became a professor at Saratov University. Since 1921, he was in charge of the Department of Applied Botany and Breeding (Petrograd), in 1924 it was reorganized into the All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and New Cultures, and in 1930 - into the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing (VIR), the head of which Vavilov remained until August 1940 .
Since 1930, he was also the director of the genetic laboratory, which was later transformed into the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
On the basis of conducted in 1919-1920. research in the book "Field cultures of the South-East" (1922) Vavilov described all the cultivated plants of the Volga and Trans-Volga regions.
From 1920 to 1940, he led numerous botanical and agronomic expeditions to study plant resources. Central Asia, the Mediterranean, etc. In 1924, the expedition visited Afghanistan. The collected material allowed the scientist to establish patterns in the origin and distribution of varieties of cultivated plants, which greatly facilitated the work of botanists and breeders.
The collection of cultivated plants collected by Vavilov and kept at VIR includes more than 300,000 specimens. Of particular importance for theoretical genetics was the law of homological series discovered by him in 1920 hereditary variability in closely related species, genera, and even families, according to which related groups similar hereditary changes occur.
For research work in the field of immunity, the origin of cultivated plants and the discovery of the law of homological series, Vavilov received the Lenin Prize (1926). For research in Afghanistan, he was awarded the gold medal named after N. M. Przhevalsky; for work in the field of selection and seed production - the Big Gold Medal of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1940).
Since 1929, Vavilov was an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, he was elected president (1929-1935) and vice-president (1935-1940) of VASKhNIL.
However, the campaign against genetics, unleashed by Vavilov's student T. D. Lysenko and supported by party ideologists, led to the fact that in 1940 the scientist's activities were interrupted. Vavilov was arrested on charges of sabotage and died of starvation in a prison bed in Saratov on January 26, 1943.
In 1965, a prize named after him was established, and in 1968, a gold medal awarded for outstanding scientific work and discoveries in the field of agriculture.
Look carefully and think about why people are engaged in crop production?
Fizkultminutka.
There lived a gardener
He planted a garden
I carefully prepared the beds. (Digging beds)
He brought a suitcase, (Show how he carried a suitcase)
Full of various seeds
But they were mixed up in disorder.
Spring has come,
And the seeds sprouted - (Children sat down, then stood up)
The gardener admired the shoots. (Admire)
I watered them in the morning, (I water them)
Covered them for the night (Sheltered)
And protected from cold weather. (Children sit down, teacher continues)
But when the gardener
He invited us to the garden
We looked and we all shouted:
Never and nowhere, neither in earth nor in water
We have not seen such vegetables!
Showed the gardener
We have such a garden
Where do apples grow? (In the garden)
Tell us how to grow such an appetizing apple.
Can everyone do it?
What is the name of the people who grow fruit trees? (Gardeners.)
What is the name of the activity of people in the cultivation of gardens? (Gardening.) slide 5
What plant is needed to bake rye bread, white fragrant rolls? (Rye, wheat, grain.)
What is the name of the people who grow grain? (Grain growers are grain growers.)
What is the name of their activity ? (Grain growing.) slide 6
"Cereals". It's about cereals.
"Cereals"
Wheat, rye, barley, rice, corn, oats, and millet are the main crops that feed people around the world.
Wheat - is winter and spring. Winter wheat is sown in autumn, and spring wheat is sown in spring. At the end of summer, first winter wheat ripens, and then spring wheat. Slide 7
Rye is the most frost-resistant crop of all cereals. Rye is used to make bread, alcohol, starch, animal feed. Slide 8
Barley - goes to the preparation of beer, is used as a fodder crop, pearl barley is made from it. Slide 9
Oats are a fodder plant. It is eaten in the form of oatmeal, which is very useful for the stomach. Slide 10
Corn - goes to the preparation of starch, vegetable oil, flour products. slide11
Millet is a valuable cereal crop. It is valuable food for birds, and straw and waste is good food for cattle.
What other crops are grown in the field? (Vegetables - vegetable growers - vegetable growing.) slide12
Guess the riddle:
Himself scarlet, sugar,
Green velvet caftan. (Watermelon.)
Where do watermelons, melons, pumpkins grow? (Bakhcha - melon growers - melon growing.) slide13
Another branch of crop production is industrial crops: fodder, oilseeds and spinning. slide 14
"Forage and spinning crops". People grow crops not only to get food, but to provide food for their pets. For this, fodder crops are grown - timothy, clover, alfalfa, fodder beets.
For another purpose, spinning crops are grown - cotton and flax. Fiber is obtained from these plants at special industrial enterprises. Threads are made from fibers, and fabrics are woven from threads.
Types of crop production: melon growing, fruit growing, vegetable growing, horticulture, grain growing, cultivation of industrial crops.
"Labor of Plant Breeders". People of many professions work in crop production. These are grain growers, vegetable growers, gardeners, cotton growers. They know well when to sow this or that plant, how to take care of it, when to harvest. Only he who loves the earth can be a good grower.
Guys, now we can answer the main question of the lesson - what is crop production? Why do people grow crops?
Crop production is the cultivation of cultivated plants. They are grown for various purposes: for example, to obtain food, animal feed, material for industry. slide15
Physical education minute
The wind blows in our faces
The tree swayed.
The wind is quieter, quieter, quieter.
The tree is getting higher and higher.
Agriculture. Additional material.
The agro-industrial complex plays an important role in the economic development of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Due to the remoteness from the main agricultural regions of Russia and the difficulty of transport links, local agricultural production is an important source of food for the inhabitants of the region.
The main products of the agro-industrial complex are milk, potatoes, vegetables, pork, eggs. Almost all products are consumed within the region. In the gross social product, agriculture occupies 6%. Average provision of own agricultural products: meat - 9%, potatoes - 100%, vegetables - 50%, milk and dairy products - 35%, eggs - 75%.
Regional agriculture is developing in adverse natural and climatic conditions. The Tymovsky, Poronaisky, southern and western regions of Sakhalin Island are the most suitable for agricultural enterprises, but most of these regions are located in the zone of excessive moisture. The largest producers of agricultural products are concentrated in Anivsky District, Tymovsky District, Uglegorsky District and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The crop production of the region is represented by the production of potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops. The main vegetable crops are cabbage, carrots, and beets. Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and green crops are grown indoors (including in winter). Animal husbandry is fully provided with vegetable feed at the expense of local procurement. The Sakhalin type of the “Golshtinskaya” breed of cattle has been bred, capable of providing high productivity under extreme conditions. Pig breeding and poultry farming have been widely developed (there are two poultry farms). Fur production is developed - the cultivation of minks of dark brown, silver-blue and pastel colors. Most of this production is exported outside the region. Reindeer breeding is the main branch of agriculture in the northern regions of Sakhalin.
More than 56% of agricultural organizations have been transformed into state unitary enterprises, the rest have been transformed into cooperative, joint-stock and private enterprises. Personal subsidiary plots and farms account for 67% of gross agricultural output. The State Sakhalin Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is engaged in the development of issues related to the development of crop and livestock industries in relation to local natural and climatic conditions.
In the future, it is planned to increase the volume of production through crop production, meat and dairy farming, poultry and pig breeding, as well as strengthening the raw material base of the local processing industry and reducing its dependence on imported raw materials.
Story about the work of the spinning combine.
1. "A lazy spinner has no shirt to himself."
2. "The spinning wheel is not God, but gives a shirt."
3. “If you don’t spin in winter, there will be nothing to weave in summer.”
4. "Do not be lazy to spin, you will dress well."
(Material for the teacher)
Yarn is a textile thread obtained from individual fibers by twisting them. The set of operations as a result of which yarn is obtained from the fibrous mass is called spinning. The choice of spinning method and the type of yarn obtained depend on the length and thickness of the fibers. There are 3 ways of spinning: carded, combed, hardware.
Spinning is carried out in spinning mills. In the full sense of the word, only natural textile fibers (cotton, wool, linen) are spun, as this is required by the insignificant length of their fibers. Of the chemical fibers, only staple fibers are subject to spinning, since they, in contrast to all other chemical fibers, are short.
For cotton and staple fibers, the main spinning method is carded. For this spinning method, medium-length cotton is used. Long fibers of wool, cotton, natural silk are processed using the combed spinning method. Get a thin, uniform, dense and smooth yarn. Short fibers of cotton and wool are processed by the hardware method. With this method of spinning, a thick, loose, uneven in thickness, fluffy hardware yarn is obtained. Several operations are preliminarily performed, as a result of which the fiber is cleaned, straightened, divided into individual fibers, combed and only then twisted into yarn.
Alignment and stretching is carried out on tape machines by connecting several tapes into one to equalize it in thickness. Passing between the rollers of the tape machine, the tape gradually thins. Spinning is carried out on roving machines, where a roving is obtained from the tape by pulling and slightly twisting.
The actual spinning takes place on spinning machines and includes the final stretching of the rovens, twisting it into yarn, and winding the yarn.
Distinguish between wet and dry spinning.
Cotton, wool, natural silk waste, staple fibers are spun dry. Flax fibers are spun both dry and wet. In wet spinning, when obtaining thinner and denser linen yarn, the roving is passed through baths with hot water, which softens pectin substances. The number of operations involved in the spinning process depends on the spinning method. The easiest way is hardware, because. sliver and roving processes are excluded from it: after carding, spinning immediately follows.
Woolen fibers, the longest and coarsest, are processed by the coarse-combed spinning method - the yarn is dense and stiff. Fine wool of medium length goes to fine-combed spinning - fine yarn with a slightly fluffy surface is formed. Coarse and semi-coarse wool of medium length can be processed according to the semi-combed spinning system, i.e. without combing. The result is a semi-combed yarn that looks like combed yarn. When spinning wool, mixing fibers is common. The composition of wool fibers during machine spinning can include, in addition to wool fibers obtained by shearing sheep, factory wool, reconstituted wool, cotton, staple fibers. The mixing of fibers during machine spinning is carried out before carding. Staple yarn, due to the uniformity of the fibers along the length and thickness, is even and smooth.
And now we will move on to practical work. View the herbarium (consider)
Write down all the plants that belong to the vegetable growing industry (write out)
V. Consolidation of the material covered.
Text (choose the correct answer)
1 Name the main branches of crop production.
c) field cultivation, sheep breeding, P) vegetable growing, floriculture, fruit growing, p) vegetable growing, field growing, reindeer breeding.
Main crops
j) Potato, sunflower, flax. m) zucchini, pattison, cucumber, about) oats, rye, wheat.
fruit crops
a) Cabbage, flax, oats.
b) apple, pear.
c) onion, garlic, pepper.
Agricultural professions
d) weaver, gas welder, geologist.
e) harvester, vegetable grower, gardener.
e) engineer, mechanic.
What plant gives White bread
e) wheat
What crop is the oil from?
but) sunflower
b) from buckwheat
c) from barley
EXAMINATION: add up your answers. What word came out? - VICTORY! slide16
VI. Reflection.How do I feel"
This helps to determine emotional condition child at the level of sensations. How he feels: bad (sad) - purple color, good - a stable balanced state of inner harmony - green color, excellent (emotional uplift) - pink color.
VII. Homework.
page 54 questions slide17
VIII. Lesson summary.
What is the topic of today's lesson?
Were we able to achieve our goal?
What important things have we learned?
- What section of the tutorial are we working on?
- What are needs?
- What does a person need?
- What is natural wealth?
- So, an integral part of the economy, or industry, is Agriculture.
- What do agricultural workers do?
- (textbook, p.53)
- wild
- cultivated plants
- PLANT PRODUCTION -
- This is a branch of agriculture, cultivation of cultivated plants.
- In dictionary S. I. Ozhegova this word is interpreted as follows: "Crop production is the science of breeding cultivated agricultural plants, as well as such breeding itself."
- The name of the plant.
- What group does it belong to (tree, shrub, herbaceous plant)?
- Where is it grown (in the garden, field, vegetable garden)?
- What parts do you see in a plant? How do they look?
- How does a person use this plant?
- These plants are grown in the fields, which means they are field crops. Flour is obtained from wheat and rye and bread is baked. These plants differ in the shape of spikelets, rye has long, hard mustaches of different heights. Rye is higher than wheat. Rye and wheat grains differ in shape but are similar in color.
- Farming deals with the cultivation and fodder crops. What are these cultures?
- A folk proverb says: "Milk is on the tongue of a cow." What does it mean?
- But in addition to fodder grasses, fodder root crops are grown. What does "root crop" mean?
- For animal feed, fodder beets, rutabaga, turnips, and carrots are grown.
- What is this industry doing?
- Vegetables are grown not only in the fields, but also in gardens, and also in greenhouses. What vegetable crops do you know?
- Vegetables play a huge role in human nutrition. Vegetables such as onions and garlic are able to kill pathogenic microbes because they contain phytoncides. It is no coincidence that they are recommended to be eaten raw during influenza epidemics.
- Fruit growing is the cultivation of fruit crops that produce fruits and berries.
- What fruit and berry trees and shrubs do you know?
- Field plants are grown for flour, cereals.
- Vegetables, fruits and berries - for the vitamins needed by the human body.
- Why are flowers grown?
- Why are some flowers grown in open ground, others in greenhouses, and still others in a room?
- In greenhouses and rooms, flowers are grown all year round. And in the open ground, plants are grown that have time to bloom before the cold weather. Flowers are heat-loving and cold-resistant.
- List the branches of crop production.
- Farming, vegetable growing, fruit growing and floriculture.
- What industries are developed in our region?
- 1. What plants are grown for food?
- a) Clover;
- b) cabbage;
- c) flax;
- d) onion.
- 2. What plants are grown for pet food?
- a) Garlic;
- b) clover;
- c) sugar beet;
- d) cotton.
- 3. What plants are grown for fabrics?
- a) cabbage;
- b) flax;
- c) gooseberry;
- d) cotton.
- textbook, p. 51–55 (retelling);
- answer the questions in the “Check Yourself” section;
- prepare a report on a cultivated plant grown in our region.
1. Using the textbook, formulate and write down the definition.
- is the cultivation of cultivated plants2. Think about and write down which of your needs are met through crop production.
Plants are used to make food, fabrics for making clothes, and in some countries, plants are used to make fuel.
3. Practical work "Learning to compare and describe cultivated plants."
Objective: learn to compare cultivated plants and describe them according to plan.
Equipment: samples of cultivated plants issued by the teacher.
Progress of work (according to the tasks of the textbook).
- Consider the crops you have suggested.
- Compare them with each other: find similarities and differences.
- Make a (oral) description of each plant according to the palan:
- What is the name of the plant?
- What group does it belong to (tree, shrub, herbaceous plant)?
- What parts do you see in a plant? How do they look?
- How does a person use this plant?
Write down the names of the cultivated plants you have considered:
Wheat, rye, flax, clover, beets
Evaluation of the work performed (whether the goal was achieved): goal achieved
Presentation: inform the class about the results of the work, listen and evaluate other messages.
4. Using the textbook, write in the table on p. 33 examples of plants in each group.
Remember what other groups of cultivated plants you know. Write using the pictures as clues.
- Vegetables
- Fruit
- Flowers
5. Seryozha and Nadya's mother asks if you know cultivated plants. Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and place them in the appropriate boxes. Ask a roommate to check your work. After checking, paste the drawings.
6. Here write down the plant products that you eat during one day. Indicate the date of the study.
potatoes, sunflower oil, cucumbers, tomatoes, tea, cabbage, beets, carrots, dill, rice
7. Find out what books about cultivated plants are in the library. Use one of them to choose Interesting Facts on the topic of the lesson and prepare a message. Make notes in your notebook.
Books about cultivated plants:
Verzilin N.M. Traveling with houseplants. Lavrova S.A. Entertaining botany for kids.
Message subject: Garden on the windowsill
Message plan:
- What garden plants can be grown on the windowsill.
- How to organize a garden
- How to care for plants to get a harvest.
Garden on the windowsill
Everyone knows that home-grown vegetables and herbs are always healthier and tastier than store-bought ones. But what if you don't have your own garden? Or is it winter outside and high snowdrifts in the garden instead of vegetables and herbs? You can grow a lot of tasty and healthy on your own windowsill.
For example, on the windowsill you can grow tomatoes, cucumbers, bell and hot peppers, beans, carrots, radishes, spinach, basil, mint and even strawberries. Naturally, the list of possibilities is not limited to these plants. Almost all types of greens and leafy salads grow well on the windowsill.
In order to organize such a garden, you need to properly prepare a place for it. It is best that the window of the room faces south. If necessary, the window sill can be expanded, and fluorescent lamps can be installed for additional lighting plants.
For beds, you need to pick up wooden boxes or clay pots with holes in the bottom. They need to be built on pallets, and then special soil is poured into them in layers: thorn, compost and turf. After that, you can plant seeds and take care of the future harvest.
Caring for a garden on the windowsill is not much different from the usual care of the beds. Plants need to be watered, loosened, weeded and thinned. True, plants need to be watered much more often, since the air in the apartment is much drier than on the street, and the earth in a small box dries out much faster than in a large garden.
The source of information:
Verzilin N.M. Traveling with houseplants.
