Does not regain consciousness. Rules without regaining consciousness (18 photos). Disruption of the nervous system as a cause of loss of consciousness

Without regaining consciousness

The book consists of a novel and two stories. The novel "And the pipe sang in a human voice ..." tells about a young man who was involved in a serious crime. The more we understand the moral essence of a criminal, the more obvious his defeat becomes for us. The story "Typhoon" takes place in a passenger train covered with snow. A dangerous criminal who robbed the cash register of a large store is riding in one of the cars. Finding him, recognizing him, delaying him is a difficult task. In the documentary story "Without regaining consciousness" the main thing is psychological struggle, exposure not so much of the crime as the inner world of the person who committed this crime.

Novel

In the house where Demin lived, not many had telephones - the head of the construction department, a master for making fashion shoes, and he, Demin. Hearing the call, he picked up the receiver.

Yes, Ivan Konstantinovich, I am listening to you attentively.

I want to sleep ... Twelfth hour, thank God. Normal people have not seen their first dream. Excuse me, Ivan Konstantinovich, someone is ringing at the door, I'll go open it.

This driver came. According to my estimates, the car should already be parked at your entrance.

Even so ... What happened?

You can tell me yourself in the morning. Fire. Victims. It seems that someone died or not far from it. It's supposed to be an investigator. If you're lucky, you'll be in your bed by two in the morning.

And if not? Demin asked.

Then blame yourself. Go open the door, it's not good to keep a person waiting. He's on duty after all. Let's talk in more detail in the morning. No fluff.

To hell! - Demin said with feeling, putting down the receiver.

The city was already asleep. The deserted streets seemed unusually spacious, the lanterns receding into the distance made them long, almost endless. From the car, Demin occasionally noticed late passers-by. For some reason, it is considered that they are in a hurry to get home quickly. Not at all, these were in no hurry. Obviously, there are only those left on the streets who need not rush. A couple at the illuminated cinema window examines the frames of the future film. A man with a thick briefcase walks uncertainly. Immediately after the bend, the driver had to almost stop the car so as not to collide with the singing, dancing young people - the party on a spree walked along the very middle of the roadway. Crazy girlish eyes flashed before Demin. Someone tried to look into the car, the guys shouted something after.

And the mothers look at the windows, they call at their acquaintances, the validols-corvalols whip, ”the driver grumbled. - And they, you see, have fun, the soul asks for adventure!

Let it, - Demin said generously.

Sure! Let them walk, I need it ... But you and I, Valya, will not be left without work. We are also going for a walk. - The elderly driver glanced sideways at Demin.

All this is so, - Demin said with a sigh. - All this is so, Vladimir Grigorievich ... But only here is the girl who looked into the car from my side ... A very beautiful girl.

I see you would like to spend this evening with them? the driver asked with a smile.

Do not mind. But there are walls and walls between us ... From my job duties, from age, from the rules of decency, from certain conventions that are called moral principles. It would seem a mere trifle! To spend an evening in such a company ... But no! A lot of things that you live with, that you breathe, that you eat are threatened ... By the way, where is this car going?

Into the fire, - the driver said shortly.

Yes, it looks like that, - Demin agreed with a sigh.

Having passed the city center, the car, as it were, burst into a semi-dark part of it. There were fewer lanterns here, and traffic lights sent only flashing yellow flashes into the darkness, they say, go, just be careful, which does not happen on night roads. Tires loudly split spring puddles, tightened thin ice, cold air rushed into the car in a sharp stream, but did not burn with frost, the smells of spring were already felt in it - wet snow, thawed tree bark, the first city glades ... But suddenly the smell of smoke entered the car.

It smelled, - the driver dropped. - I have already brought here a photographer, a medical examiner, and operatives here. It was much brighter here an hour ago.

Serious fire?

Yes, there was no time to consider. Turned around and right behind you.

The alley was packed with cars. In their glasses, on the shiny metal surfaces, the glare of a dying fire played. By the numbers, Demin recognized the car of the city prosecutor, the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate, and Rozhnov's car was parked here.

Noticing Rozhnov among his superiors, Demin did not approach. It will be necessary, they themselves will call. He decided to try to find out what had happened. There were plenty of people, there was someone to ask questions, someone to double-check the answers. All unanimously said that the fire first appeared in the windows, lit up inside the house. Then the flames gained strength, burst outward, engulfed the attic. And when the roof flared up, there was a real firing - the red-hot slate fired deafeningly and often. Even now, when the fire was generally extinguished, from time to time, as if single shots were heard.

It was not hard to imagine how, quite recently, in dry rooms, in a spacious attic, in drafty corridors, a fire hummed with a deep and confident sound, as if busy with important and urgent work. Reddish reflections entering neighboring houses through windows and curtains were alarming. In a hurry, throwing something over their shoulders, people went out into the street, watched if the flame had thrown over the fences, if the lights ran along the branches of the trees, to the attics filled with dry hay. The gates were smoking from the heat, the snow in the courtyard was melting, the apple trees under the windows were arching and dying. The snow around the house has melted, flowed down in streams, a withered, dead grass appeared, mud formed and immediately dried up.

It was not easy to sort out all this confusion, human screams, headlights, when the dying rafters were still hissing and smoking and, not paying any attention to anyone, dragged the hoses of the firemen. Flames still flared up in some places, walls glittered with ash-black scales, burnt paper floated in the puddles, shards of broken dishes covered the yard, steam mixed with smoke, and it was almost impossible to breathe outside the house.

Demin walked around the whole house, looked into the smoking windows, listened to the conversation of the neighbors. It was dark in the garden, and the dying roof did not burn the face, did not blind. A path had been trodden between the trees in the snow to the fence. Looking closely, Demin saw that one board had been torn out. Squeezing through the crack, he found himself on the next street. Obviously, the owners used this opening to shorten the path.

Overview

Fainting is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, usually accompanied by a fall.

Doctors often refer to syncope as syncope to distinguish it from other conditions associated with temporary loss of consciousness, such as a seizure or concussion.

Fainting is very common, with up to 40% of people fainting at least once in their life. Usually, the first fainting occurs before the age of 40. If the first episode of loss of consciousness occurs after age 40, this may indicate a severe chronic illness. The most common neurogenic syncope is more common during adolescence in girls.

The immediate cause of syncope is a disruption in the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Its functions are temporarily disrupted and the person loses consciousness. This usually happens in a stuffy room, on an empty stomach, with fright, severe emotional shock, and in some people - at the sight of blood or a sharp change in body position. A person can faint from coughing, sneezing, and even while emptying the bladder.

First aid for fainting should be to prevent the person from falling, to protect him from injury. If someone becomes ill, support him and carefully lay him down, raising his legs up, or sit down. Provide fresh air by opening windows and unbuttoning the collar of your clothing. Try not to create panic in order to avoid large crowds, crowds and stuffiness. When fainting occurs, consciousness usually returns within a few seconds, less often 1-2 minutes, but some types of fainting require urgent medical attention.

If a person does not regain consciousness within 2 minutes, you should call an ambulance by phone 03 from a landline phone, 112 or 911 - from a mobile.

Symptoms of fainting

Fainting is usually preceded by sudden weakness and dizziness, followed by a brief loss of consciousness, usually for a few seconds. This can happen when the person is sitting, standing, or getting up too quickly.

Sometimes loss of consciousness can be preceded by other short-term symptoms:

yawn;
sudden clammy sweat;
nausea;
frequent deep breathing;
disorientation in space and time;
blurred or blotchy eyes
tinnitus.

After a fall, the head and heart are at the same level, so the blood reaches the brain more easily. Consciousness should return in about 20 seconds, less often the fainting lasts for 1-2 minutes. A longer absence of consciousness is a red flag. In this case, you need to call an ambulance.

After fainting, weakness and confusion may occur for 20-30 minutes. The person may also feel tired, sleepy, nauseous and abdominal discomfort, and may not remember what happened just before the fall.

Fainting or stroke?

Loss of consciousness can occur with a stroke - a violation of cerebral circulation. Stroke, unlike fainting, is always a medical emergency and is life threatening. A stroke can be suspected if the person does not come to their senses for more than 2 minutes or if the victim has the following symptoms after fainting:

the face is skewed to one side, the person cannot smile, his lip has dropped or the eyelid has dropped;
a person cannot raise one or both arms and keep them upright due to weakness or numbness;
speech becomes illegible.

Causes of fainting (loss of consciousness)

Loss of consciousness in syncope is associated with a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain. The causes of this type of circulatory disorder are very diverse.

Disruption of the nervous system as a cause of loss of consciousness

Most often, loss of consciousness is associated with a temporary disruption in the work of the vegetative nervous system... This type of fainting is called neurogenic or autonomic syncope.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the body's unconscious functions, including heart rate and blood pressure regulation. Various external stimuli, such as fear, sight of blood, heat, pain, and others, can temporarily disrupt the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to a drop in blood pressure and fainting.

The slowdown of the heart is also associated with the work of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to a short-term decrease in blood pressure and disruption of the blood supply to the brain. This is called vasovagal syncope.

Sometimes an overload of the autonomic nervous system occurs during coughing, sneezing or laughing, and loss of consciousness occurs. Such fainting is called situational.

In addition, fainting may be associated with prolonged upright position. Usually, when a person is standing or sitting, due to the attraction, some of the blood flows down and accumulates in the arms and legs. To maintain normal blood circulation, the heart starts to work a little harder, the blood vessels are slightly narrowed, maintaining sufficient blood pressure in the body.

In some people, this mechanism is disrupted, the blood supply to the heart and brain is temporarily interrupted. In response, the heart starts beating too fast, and the body produces norepinephrine, a stress hormone. This is called postural tachycardia and can cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, sweating, heart palpitations, and fainting.

Carotid sinus syndrome

The carotid sinus is a symmetrical area on the lateral surface of the middle part of the neck. This is an important area rich in sensitive cells - receptors, which are necessary to maintain normal blood pressure, heart function and gas composition blood. In some people, syncope (fainting) can occur when the carotid sinus is accidentally exposed to mechanical stress - this is called carotid sinus syndrome.

Orthostatic hypotension is a cause of syncope in the elderly

The second most common cause of fainting may be a drop in blood pressure when a person stands up suddenly - orthostatic hypotension. This phenomenon is more common in older people, especially after 65 years.

A sudden change in body position from horizontal to vertical leads to the outflow of blood to the lower parts of the body under the influence of gravity, due to which the blood pressure in the central vessels drops. Usually, the nervous system regulates this by raising the heart rate, constricting the blood vessels and thus stabilizing the pressure.

With orthostatic hypotension, the regulation mechanism is impaired. Therefore, there is no rapid restoration of pressure, and for a period of time, blood circulation in the brain is impaired. This is enough for the development of fainting.

Possible causes of orthostatic hypotension:

dehydration - a condition in which the body's fluid content and blood pressure drop, making it harder for the heart to stabilize it, which increases the risk of fainting
diabetes mellitus - accompanied by frequent urination, which can lead to dehydration, in addition, high level blood sugar damages the nerves that regulate blood pressure;
medications - any drugs for hypertension, as well as any antidepressants, can cause orthostatic hypotension;
neurological diseases - diseases that affect the nervous system (such as Parkinson's disease) can cause orthostatic hypotension.

Heart disease is the cause of heart fainting

Heart disease can also interfere with the blood supply to the brain and lead to temporary loss of consciousness. Such fainting is called cardiac. Its risk increases with age. Other risk factors:

pain in the heart cage (angina pectoris);
suffered a heart attack;
pathology of the structure of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy);
abnormalities on the electrocardiogram (ECG);
recurring sudden fainting without warning symptoms.

If you suspect that fainting is due to heart disease, you should see a physician as soon as possible.

Reflex anoxic seizures

Reflex anoxic seizures are a type of syncope that develops after brief cardiac arrest due to an overload of the vagus nerve. It is one of the 12 nerves in the cranial nerves that run down from the head to the neck, chest, and abdomen. Reflex anoxic seizures are more common in young children, especially when the child is upset.

Diagnosis of the causes of fainting

Most often, fainting is not dangerous and does not require treatment. But in some cases, after fainting, you should consult a doctor to find out if the loss of consciousness was caused by any disease. See a neurologist if:

fainting occurred for the first time;
you regularly pass out;
trauma with loss of consciousness;
you have diabetes or heart disease (such as angina pectoris);
fainting occurs during pregnancy;
before fainting, you had chest pain, an irregular fast or strong heartbeat;
during the blackout, urination or defecation occurred involuntarily;
you were unconscious for several minutes.

During the diagnosis, the doctor will ask about the circumstances of fainting and recent illnesses, and may also measure blood pressure and listen to the heartbeat with a stethoscope. In addition, more research is needed to diagnose the causes of loss of consciousness.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) prescribed if you suspect that the fainting was caused by heart disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records heart rhythms and electrical activity of the heart. Electrodes (small sticky discs) are attached to the arms, legs, and chest and connected to the ECG machine using wires. Each heartbeat creates an electrical signal. The ECG marks these signals on paper, registering any abnormalities. The procedure is painless and takes about five minutes.

Carotid sinus massage performed by a doctor in order to exclude carotid sinus syndrome as the cause of fainting. If massage causes dizziness, heart rhythm disturbances, or other symptoms, the test is considered positive.

Blood tests allow you to exclude diseases such as diabetes and anemia (anemia).

Blood pressure measurement in the supine and standing position to detect orthostatic hypotension. With orthostatic hypotension, blood pressure drops sharply when a person stands up. If the test results reveal a medical condition, such as heart disease or orthostatic hypotension, your doctor may prescribe treatment.

First aid for fainting

There are certain steps to take when someone is light-headed. It is necessary to lay the person in such a way as to increase the blood flow to the head. To do this, it is enough to put something under your feet, bend them at the knees or lift them up. If there is nowhere to lie, you need to sit down and lower your head between your knees. This will usually help to avoid fainting.

If a person does not regain consciousness within 1-2 minutes, you need to do the following:

put it on its side, with support on one leg and one arm;
tilt your head back and raise your chin to open
Airways;
continuously monitor breathing and pulse.

Then you should call an ambulance by calling 03 from a landline phone, 112 or 911- from a mobile and stay with the person until the doctors arrive.

Treatment after fainting

Most syncope does not require treatment, but it is important that the doctor rule out possible illnesses that could cause fainting. If the latter are found during examination, you will need treatment. For example, when detecting diabetes mellitus with diet, exercise and medication, blood sugar levels can be lowered. Treating cardiovascular diseases associated with fluctuations in blood pressure, arrhythmias, or atherosclerosis also minimizes the likelihood of repeated syncope.

If fainting is of a neurogenic nature or is situational, then you need to avoid those reasons that usually lead to loss of consciousness: stuffy and hot rooms, excitement, fear. Try to spend less time standing on your feet. If you faint at the sight of blood or medical manipulations, inform your doctor or nurse about this, then the procedure will be performed in the supine position. When it is difficult to determine which situations are causing you to faint, your doctor may recommend keeping a symptom diary to record all circumstances of fainting.

To prevent fainting from carotid sinus syndrome, pressure on the neck area should be avoided - for example, not wearing shirts with a tight high collar. Sometimes, to treat carotid sinus syndrome, a pacemaker, a small electronic device that helps maintain a regular heart rate, is placed under the skin.

To avoid orthostatic hypotension, try not to change your body position abruptly. Before getting out of bed, sit down, stretch, and take a few calm deep breaths. Increase your water intake in summer. The doctor may also recommend small meals and increased salt intake. Some medicines can lower blood pressure, but you can only stop taking prescribed medicines with your doctor's permission.

There are special movements to stop the drop in pressure and prevent fainting:

crossing legs;
muscle tension in the lower body;
clenching the hands into fists;
muscle tension in the arms.

The technique for performing these movements correctly must be learned. In the future, these movements can be performed if you notice symptoms of impending fainting, for example, dizziness.

Sometimes drugs are used to treat fainting. However, a doctor must prescribe medication.

In addition, syncope can create a dangerous workplace situation. For example, when handling heavy equipment or dangerous machinery, when working at height, etc. Issues of working capacity are resolved in each case with the attending physician after completing the diagnosis.

Which doctor should I see after fainting?

With the help of the NaPopravku service, you can find a good neurologist who will diagnose the possible causes of fainting and offer treatment, if necessary.

If your episodes of loss of consciousness are accompanied by other symptoms not described in this article, use the section "Who Treats It" to select the right specialist.

Localization and translation prepared by Napopravku.ru. NHS Choices provided the original content for free. It is available from www.nhs.uk. NHS Choices has not reviewed, and takes no responsibility for, the localization or translation of its original content

All materials on the site have been checked by doctors. However, even the most reliable article does not allow taking into account all the features of the disease in a particular person. Therefore, the information posted on our website cannot replace a visit to the doctor, but only supplements it. The articles have been prepared for informational purposes and are of a recommendatory nature.

The book consists of a novel and two stories. The novel "And the pipe sang in a human voice ..." tells about a young man who was involved in a serious crime. The more we understand the moral essence of the criminal, the more obvious his defeat becomes for us. The story "Typhoon" takes place in a passenger train covered with snow. A dangerous criminal who robbed the cash register of a large store is riding in one of the cars. Finding him, recognizing him, delaying him is a difficult task. In the documentary story "Without regaining consciousness" the main thing is psychological struggle, exposure not so much of the crime as the inner world of the person who committed this crime.

Novel

In the house where Demin lived, not many had telephones - the head of the construction department, a master for making fashion shoes, and he, Demin. Hearing the call, he picked up the receiver.

Yes, Ivan Konstantinovich, I am listening to you attentively.

I want to sleep ... Twelfth hour, thank God. Normal people have not seen their first dream. Excuse me, Ivan Konstantinovich, someone is ringing at the door, I'll go open it.

This driver came. According to my estimates, the car should already be parked at your entrance.

Even so ... What happened?

And if not? Demin asked.

Then blame yourself. Go open the door, it's not good to keep a person waiting. He's on duty after all. Let's talk in more detail in the morning. No fluff.

To hell! - Demin said with feeling, putting down the receiver.

And the mothers look at the windows, they call at their acquaintances, the validols-corvalols whip, ”the driver grumbled. - And they, you see, have fun, the soul asks for adventure!

Let it, - Demin said generously.

Sure! Let them walk, I need it ... But you and I, Valya, will not be left without work. We are also going for a walk. - The elderly driver glanced sideways at Demin.

All this is so, - Demin said with a sigh. - All this is so, Vladimir Grigorievich ... But only here is the girl who looked into the car from my side ... A very beautiful girl.

I see you would like to spend this evening with them? the driver asked with a smile.

Into the fire, - the driver said shortly.

Yes, it looks like that, - Demin agreed with a sigh.

Having passed the city center, the car, as it were, burst into a semi-dark part of it. There were fewer lanterns here, and traffic lights sent only flashing yellow flashes into the darkness, they say, go, just be careful, which does not happen on night roads. Tires loudly split spring puddles covered with thin ice, cold air rushed into the car in a sharp stream, but did not burn with frost, the smells of spring were already felt in it - wet snow, thawed tree bark, the first city glades ... But suddenly the smell of smoke entered the car ...

It smelled, - the driver dropped. - I have already brought here a photographer, a medical examiner, and operatives here. It was much brighter here an hour ago.

Serious fire?

Yes, there was no time to consider. Turned around and right behind you.

Rozhnov was already waiting at Demin's house.

Well, have you examined everything? - he asked. - Have you been everywhere?

I haven't been to the house yet.

You will have time, it will cool down a little ... Come on, I'll show you what concerns you.

Four people were lying outside the gate right in the snow. People stood around, silently watching, some with horror, some with compassion.

Alive? Demin asked.

Three are alive, ”said the medical examiner, a tall, thin guy with a bag on a long strap. - But they are bad. They called an ambulance. And this one is dead. It looks like everyone has drunk hard.

Does it look like it or is it really?

Ask tomorrow, Valentin Sergeevich. However, tomorrow I will answer without waiting for your questions. In the meantime, you can bend over and smell. As for me, I can smell the smell without bending over.

Firefighters say that there are bottles in the house as a collection point, - added Rozhnov. - This, of course, should not mislead us. - He looked meaningfully at Demin.

And - not a single communist. Why is there a communist — not a single candidate for successor from the left flank. Some are right. And the people are silent. Nobody is outraged. True, for the majority of the people this game of successors and in general does not care, but even those who are interested do not think about the ideological essence of candidates, but discuss who is better: Ivanov or Medvedev, Sechin or Shuvalov ... And only very few realize that each of them is Putin 2, Putin 3, Putin 4, and maybe Yeltsin 2 in general.

So, at first glance, the liberals really have no reason to doubt the strength of their power. But they doubt it! How else to explain that anti-Soviet and anti-communist propaganda has sharply increased on television during the pre-election year? Moreover, along with the real shortcomings of the Soviet regime and the criminal acts of individual Soviet leaders, many lies, slander, and idiotic inventions are being spread. Everything is like in 1996.

Why? But precisely because their confidence in their positions is feigned. Because they understand: no matter how much the rope twists, the end will be. The end is the reckoning for what was done to the country. This is retribution. This is a trial over criminals.

But why, one wonders, lie so shamelessly? After all, there was a lot of real negativity in Soviet history. And then, that for one negative fact from the seventy-year Soviet history, there are a dozen negative facts of their ten-year Yeltsin history. So they invent, so they invent a bunch of all sorts of fables, hoping to take, if not the reliability of the facts, then at least their quantity.

So, both future judges and future defendants are busy collecting documents on the eve of the upcoming trial. But this is not enough! We also need arguments. After all, the trial is a competition between prosecution and defense. And in such a competition, the winner is the one who has not only more serious and reliable documents, but also more convincing arguments.

Meanwhile, the criminal clique has already begun in earnest to prepare arguments in its defense. I would like to draw your attention to one of these arguments, because this argument is quite serious: it, of course, is unlikely to push the judges to accept an acquittal, but it may well mitigate the punishment. What is this argument?

The argument is this. Yes, they admit, the reforms have failed. Yes, the country is plunged into disaster. Yes ... Well, and so on. I.e. liberals admit that the results of the reforms are dire. But, they say, no one could have foreseen such a result. They, you see, wanted the best. Their designs, you see, were very, very noble. But - it happened. Like, do not judge them harshly.

Well, how does it feel? In my opinion, it is very clever. In any case, such a position may pity someone. Well, what to do, noble people undertook to introduce democracy, freedom and many other good things in the country. Yes, they did not calculate. And no one warned: they say, you are going the wrong way, comrades!

And here I want to offer future judges our argument, so to speak, a counterargument. And if the court preparers take my argument seriously, orchestrate it with a sufficient number of examples, then it will be a lethal argument.

My argument is as follows. I assert that all the groaning of the Democrats that they did not foresee such results is a base lie. I argue that a few years before the start of the reforms, the liberals were warned of all the negative consequences of such reforms.

They were warned !!!

Warned by whom? First of all, of course, by the communists. Here I can clearly hear the loud laughter of the readers. And really, what did the warnings of the communists have for the liberals when exactly the liberals fought with the communists and with communism?

Besides, the communists made their forecasts in accordance with Marxism. But Marxism was then declared an empty utopia, a pseudoscience. Now all those predictions have come true completely. The communists insisted that capitalism is not the future, but the past of the country. Today, even many Democrats admit that the country has been thrown back decades, if not a century.

The communists recalled the views of Marx and Lenin on private property. Lenin directly said that private property divides people, that private property is a war. And what do we have? Because of this very private property, for a decade and a half, streams of blood have been pouring throughout the country, and there is no end in sight.

Today some democrats are beginning to carefully quote both Marx and Engels and Lenin. But in those pre-reform years, the democrats, of course, could not and did not want to listen to the opinion of the communists. In addition, the Democrats in this regard had strong support from a large part of the population. Yes, we must admit that by the end of the 1980s, there was already anger in society against the communists.

And there were reasons for this. On the one hand, powerful anti-communist propaganda pressed on people's minds. On the other hand, the communists themselves tried a lot to discredit the ideas of communism and Marxist teaching in general in the eyes of the population.

So let's not be surprised that the Democrats then did not heed the warnings of the communists. This was entirely in the logic of the political and ideological struggle, and it can hardly be made a special fault of the democrats.

Go ahead. Okay, they didn't listen to the opinion of the communists. But they did not listen to the opinion of Orthodox ideologists either! Which may seem strange: after all, the Democrats, in spite of the Communists, have all become devout. I'll make a reservation right away: I personally am an atheist. I don’t believe in God. But from the point of view common history of humanity, it cannot be denied that all world religions contain large layers of information about history, culture, art. That each religion carries in itself the essential features of the mentality of the people who have taken this religion as their spiritual basis.

I will note that when I speak of Orthodox people, I do not at all mean priests and priests. Our church, and not only ours, is a kind of business. With all the vices inherent in business. No, I mean sincerely believing people. There are many highly educated writers and historians among them.

So they warned that capitalism is incompatible with the foundations of Orthodoxy, warned of the harmful consequences of the forced capitalization of Russian society. This position was most clearly indicated in the magazine "Our Contemporary". This magazine was known for its anti-Sovietism, anti-communism, which was supposed to appeal to the democrats.

Why did the democrats not listen to the opinion of the ideologists of Orthodoxy? Yes, because Orthodoxy for the democrats was just a fancy dress covering their essence. The democrats were not interested in Orthodoxy as such, but in the church. On the one hand, the role of the church was to serve, along with the media, as a tool to fool the population. On the other hand, believers, whose number always increases during periods of turmoil, were a good addition to the democratic electorate.

And yet, at least for appearance, the democrats could support the position of "Our Contemporary"? No, they couldn't. Judge for yourself. The magazine introduced the heading "Market: a panacea or a trap?", Where it argued that it was a trap. Could the Democrats tolerate such a thing when for them the market was father, son and holy spirit all rolled into one? They did not argue with the magazine, but simply did not notice its position.

Personally, I was interested in Yuri Borodai's article with a very eloquent title - "Why Protestant Capitalism Is Not Suitable for the Orthodox." ("Our Contemporary" No. 10 1990) So why? Therefore, the author explains, Orthodoxy is based on the ethics of equality, communality, compassion.

And capitalism is mixed up with the Calvinist doctrine of being chosen a separate category people. According to Calvin, God ordained some people to eternal life, others to eternal death. According to Calvin, God's chosen ones, for the sake of achieving personal success, are allowed everything, including crimes. And those who are not admitted into the circle of the elect will not be saved by piety, prayer, or deeds. They are rejected.

So, the ideologues of Orthodoxy warned that the intention to plunge Russia into capitalism would cause a split in society. Have the reformers heeded these warnings? Of course not. Orthodox writers were worried about the fate of the country, the fate of the people, while the reformers thought only about their own fate.

The reformers saw themselves, of course, not in the camp of the rejected, but in the camp of God's chosen ones. Well, in fact, look at the faces of Yeltsin, Chubais, Gaidar, Nemtsov, Berezovsky, Abramovich, and so on. and so on. Can't you see divine halos above their heads? Do not their gaze radiate divine light? True, their god is different, not the same as that of the believers. Their god is the golden calf.

So it was in vain that Orthodox authors frightened future reformers with the horrors of Calvinist doctrine. This doctrine was in the nature of the reformers. It was in full accordance with this doctrine that they divided society into a handful of God's chosen ones, who are allowed everything, including the undisguised plunder of the country. And to the rest of the people, to the outcast, who, according to Calvin, are doomed to eternal death, which the reformers accepted for execution, killing the Russians a million a year.

However, the fact that the reformers ignored the warnings of the ideologists of Orthodoxy, too, cannot be a serious argument at the trial of History. Russia is a secular state, and a person's adherence to one or another religious doctrine is still a matter of the conscience of every person.

And now I will reveal the main trump card, that is, the main argument against the reformers. An argument against which the Democrats are powerless. The fact is that the reformers also did not heed the warnings of those people to whom they could not, had no right not to heed. These were warnings from their camp, from their adherents.

Democrats have been warned ... by the democrats!

If you remember, one of my articles was titled "Not All Democrats Are Equally Vile." In that article, I divided Democrats into different categories, but I drew the main divide between honest and dishonest democrats. Honest democrats in the sense of theory were complete adherents of Yeltsin and his team.

They, too, were convinced that socialism, and even more so communism, was a utopia. They also became disillusioned with Marxism. They also believed in the salutary role of the market, in the need to turn Russia onto the capitalist path of development.

Of course, I do not share the views of this category of democrats, but, nevertheless, I cannot deny them respect. They wanted the good of their country. They sincerely believed that they were right and wanted to help the authorities carry out reforms in the most painless way for the people. The main thing is that they did not pursue selfish goals.

There are many well-known names among honest democrats: Shmelev, Lisichkin, Pinsker, Piyasheva, Sakharov, Selyunin ... Now newspapers and magazines of the pre-reform period are read with particular interest. If you remember, these were the years of the newspaper and magazine boom. I personally subscribed to dozens of newspapers and as many magazines.

Articles by Shmelev "Advances and Debts", Piyasheva "Where are the pies more magnificent?" were discussed in society, as once another series of "Seventeen Moments of Spring". And not only in society, but also in the press. No sooner had Tsipko published his anti-Marxist articles in the journal Science and Life, when he was immediately caught in scientific dishonesty by O. Latsis (democrat) and R. Kosolapov (communist).

Shmelev argued with Abalkin, Piyasheva with Shmelev ... In general, the discussions were in full swing, but why were they boiling? The impression was that people simply revel in freedom of speech, and does their word affect real life, nobody cares. Indeed, why are political and economic discussions being conducted? To influence the policy of the authorities, to indicate to the authorities that this or that step is wrong. So, for example, there were discussions about NEP under Lenin.

After all, they often say in our country: Lenin introduced NEP. But this is not entirely correct. Read the newspapers of the day. Lenin spoke to different audiences, persuaded, argued, answered questions. I listened to objections. He refuted some of them, agreed with some. He invited peasants to his place to find out their opinion.

It was as a result of such multilateral discussions that NEP was such a well-developed program that politicians and economists are still wondering how it was possible to achieve such successes in the economy in a couple of years. And there is nothing to be surprised at, because both scientists and advisers, as they say, from the plow, and officials, and people's commissars, and the People's Commissars himself - all worked for the interests of the country. Everything useful and positive that was developed in the course of the discussions went into action and therefore gave good results.

But the perestroika discussions are not clear why they were conducted. The discussions were on their own, but the activities of the reformers were on their own. Scientists said: we must not rush, reforms must be carried out very carefully. The reformers were in a hurry like a fire.

Scientists said: we need to think over the sequence of steps. After all, due to only one confusion in the sequence, unforeseen disruptions can occur. The reformers sneezed at every order. They invented the expression "shock therapy", which meant: break everything, destroy everything at once, and the market itself, my dear, will put everything in its place.

Okay, they decided to abandon socialism and build capitalism. What should have been done? To convene a conference of scientists - supporters of capitalism. And to hold this conference for a month, two, three - in a word, until every step of the reform is thoroughly thought out, until all the options of possible consequences are considered.

What has been done? Nothing. Scientists - Abalkin, Sukhotin, Latsis, Shmelev, Shatalin, Piyasheva (note: these are all marketers!) Developed methods, ways to overcome difficulties, argued with each other, wrote appeals to the government, Yeltsin, warning about the consequences of an anti-scientific and hasty approach to reforms. In response - zero attention.

And now, when all the most alarming and gloomy predictions have come true, when only the mentally ill can deny the fact of the complete failure of liberal reforms, the democrats, foreseeing the inevitability of retribution, urgently hire lawyers. So it is for them, the lawyers, to prove that the reformers wanted the best, but they did not succeed.

Perhaps the most eloquent lawyer is Tsipko. You, of course, have seen him more than once on TV on all kinds of political parties and reality shows. He appears as an angry denouncer of the Yeltsin regime, and many take his denunciations at face value.

But this is nothing more than a fancy dress. In fact, his goal is exactly the opposite: to whitewash the Yeltsin regime, to justify the Yeltsin thugs reformers. Here in front of me is Literaturnaya Gazeta # 21, 2001. The newspaper has opened the heading "Ten years that shook ...". It opened three months before the ten-year anniversary of the August events of 1991, so that by the round date everyone would have time to speak.

The heading opens with Tsipko's article "Blinding and Punishment". As you might guess, this is an allusion to Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Only Dostoevsky has a criminal - a specific person, Raskolnikov, and he was also punished.

But Tsipko has no specific criminals. There are some blinded people who have committed crimes out of ignorance. True, the punishment, in the image of Tsipko, is quite real, only for some reason it befell not those who committed crimes, but millions of innocent people. Let's see how Tsipko sees the outcome of Yeltsin's rule.

"Our privatization was thieves', for nothing, and sometimes they simply took away their property from the people for free"

"During the reforms, a significant part of national sovereignty has been lost, and the country's military and economic security has been significantly undermined."

“It is difficult, remaining in harmony with conscience, with an elementary moral sense and being in a sound mind, not to admit that, at least for today, our anti-communist revolution took away from the people of real benefits much more than it gave.”

"Our anti-Soviet revolution has caused tremendous destruction of public life."

"We must admit that the communist regime we hated was a more humane system than the one that was created with our help on its ruins."

As the great combinator would say, “he’s good at writing, dog”!

However, I foresee the question: they say, how do you call Tsipko a defender of the Yeltsin regime, if he criticizes him so mercilessly? I answer. Yes, Tsipko's attacks on the Yeltsin regime look quite sincere, it is something like public repentance.

But this, I assure you, is not repentance, but just a lawyer's trick. The main task of Tsypkov's article was different, namely: to remove from the criminals their personal guilt. To show that their plans were noble, but they were unable to realize these plans, since they could not foresee all the consequences.

Tsipko's article is replete with such words and phrases: "as it turned out, it was time to understand, we did not see the obvious, now it is obvious, then it seemed to many why it was not visible, now it became clear ...". Etc. The words are all genuine, so I, somewhat deviating from the citation rules, took all of them in bulk in quotation marks.

In the meantime, the following question arises: if you, democrats, theorists and practitioners of liberalism, could not have foreseen anything, then this means that you are stupid and uneducated people. So why did they undertake such a serious matter, which even outstanding figures are not always capable of?

Now the question is: why did Tsipko need to present himself and all the leaders of the Yeltsin period, to put it simply, - fools? And then, what nonsense is not being judged. Of course, the very fact of frivolity with which unprepared people took up the radical reform of the economy of a great country can be considered a crime. But it is difficult, almost impossible to prove this in court.

Tsipko reasoned: it would be better to be branded a fool than to be convicted of the most terrible crime - the destruction of his country. And Tsipko in the matter of destruction was not the last spoke in the wheel. He scribbled articles one after another, in which he misinterpreted Marx and Lenin, undermining the roots of the ideology familiar to the people and thereby weakening their will to resist.