Ulrika Eleonora was a Swedish queen who reigned from 1718-1720. She is the younger sister of Charles XII. And her parents are Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark and Charles XI. In this article we will describe short biography Swedish ruler.
Potential regent
Ulrika Eleonora was born in Stockholm Castle in 1688. As a child, the girl was not much spoiled with attention. Her elder sister Gedviga Sofia was considered her parents' favorite daughter.
In 1690, Ulrika Eleanor of Denmark was named by Charles as a possible regent in the event of his death, provided that their son did not reach adulthood. But due to frequent childbirth, the health of the king’s wife deteriorated greatly. After the winter of 1693 she was gone.
The Legend of the Queen's Death
There is a legend on this topic. It says that when Karl's wife was dying in the palace, Maria Stenbock (her favorite maid of honor) was lying sick in Stockholm. On the night when Ulrika Eleonora passed away, Countess Stenbock arrived at the palace and was allowed into the deceased’s room. One of the officers looked through the keyhole. In the room, the guard saw the Countess and the Queen talking by the window. The soldier's shock was so great that he began to cough up blood. Around the same time, Maria and her crew seemed to disappear. An investigation began, during which it turned out that that night the Countess was seriously ill and did not leave her house. The officer died of shock, and Stenbock died a little later. Karl personally gave the order never to talk about what happened anywhere.
Marriage and authority
In 1714, King Ulric's daughter Eleonora was engaged to Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. A year later their wedding took place. The princess's authority grew significantly, and those close to Charles XII had to take her opinion into account. The girl's sister, Gedviga Sophia, died in 1708. Therefore, in fact, Ulrika and Karl's mother were the only representatives of the Swedish royal family.
At the beginning of 1713, the monarch already wanted to make his daughter a temporary regent of the country. But he did not carry out this plan. On the other hand, the royal council wanted to enlist the support of the princess, so they persuaded her to attend all its meetings. At the first meeting where Ulrika was present, they decided to convene the Riksdag (parliament).
Some participants were in favor of appointing Eleanor as regent. But the royal council and Arvid Gorn were against it. They feared that new difficulties would arise with the change in government. Subsequently, Charles XII allowed the princess to sign all documents emanating from the council, except those sent to him personally.
Fight for the throne
In December 1718, Ulrika Eleonora learned of the death of her brother. She took this news calmly and forced everyone to call herself queen. The council did not oppose this. Soon the girl gave the order for the arrest of supporters of Georg Goertz and canceled all the decisions that came from his pen. At the end of 1718, at the convening of the Riksdag, Ulrika expressed a desire to abolish the autocracy and return the country to its previous form of government.
The Swedish military high command voted to abolish absolutism, not recognize the right of succession, and award Eleanor the title of queen. Members of the Riksdag had a similar position. But in order to gain the support of the royal council, the girl announced that she had no right to the throne.
Swedish Queen Ulrika Eleonora
At the beginning of 1719, the princess renounced hereditary rights to the throne. After that, she was proclaimed queen, but with one caveat. Ulrika approved a form of government composed by the estates. According to this document, most of her power passed into the hands of the Riksdag. In March 1719, Eleanor's coronation took place in Uppsala.
The new ruler was unable to cope with the difficulties that arose when she assumed a new position. Ulrika's influence dropped significantly after disagreements with the head of the Chancellery A. Gorn. She also did not have a good relationship with his successors - Krunjelm and Sparre.
Upon ascending the throne, the Swedish Queen Ulrika Eleonora wanted to share power with her husband. But in the end she was forced to abandon this idea due to the persistent resistance of the nobility. The inability to adapt to the new constitution, the autocracy of the ruler, as well as the influence of her husband on her decisions gradually pushed government officials to the desire to change the monarch.
New King
Ulrika's husband Friedrich of Hesse began to actively work in this direction. To begin with, he became close to A. Gorn. Thanks to this, in 1720 he was elected Landmarshal at the Riksdag. Soon, Queen Ulrika Eleonora submitted a petition to the estates to rule jointly with her husband. This time her proposal was met with disapproval. On February 29, 1720, the heroine of this article abdicated the throne in favor of her husband, Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. There was only one stipulation - in the event of his death, the crown was returned to Ulrike. On March 24, 1720, Eleanor's husband became monarch of Sweden under the name Frederick I.
Far from power
Ulrika was interested in public affairs until her last days. But after 1720 she distanced herself from them, preferring to engage in charity work and reading. Although from time to time the former ruler replaced her husband on the throne. For example, in 1731 during his trip abroad or in 1738 when Frederick became seriously ill. It is worth noting that, replacing her husband on the throne, she showed only her best qualities. November 24, 1741 is the date when Ulrika Eleonora died in Stockholm. The Swedish queen left no descendants.
Swedish queen (1606 93), wife of Charles XI, daughter of the Danish king Frederick III. Pious, zealously helping all those in need, W. Eleanor sincerely became attached to her new fatherland and enjoyed great popularity in it. She… …
- (Ulrika Eleonora) Younger (23.I.1688 24.XI.1741) Queen of Sweden (1719 20), younger sister of Charles XII. She was elected queen with the support of the aristocrats. opposition, hostile to absolutism, but at the same time signed the law on new form board,... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Dat. Ulrika Eleonora af Danmark ... Wikipedia
Queen of Sweden (1688 1741). In 1715 she married Frederick, Crown Prince of Hesse. After the death of her elder sister, Hedwig Sophia (1708), W. Eleanor was the only one, besides her brother Charles XII, representative of the Palatinate... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Eleanor female name. Bearers known by the name Monarchs and aristocrats Eleanor of Austria (1498 1558) queen of Portugal in 1518 1521. and Queen of France in 1530-1547. Eleanor of Austria (1534 1594) Duchess ... ... Wikipedia
Ulrika: Ulrika is the feminine form of Ulrich. It is of German-Scandinavian origin. (885) Ulrike (885 Ulrike) is a main belt asteroid. Opened in 1917. Persons named Ulrika Eleonora (Swedish: Ulrika Eleonora; 1688 ... ... Wikipedia
Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine von Hessen Kassel Duchess Consort of Oldenburg 1774 1785 ... Wikipedia
Ulrika Eleonora was a Swedish queen who reigned from 1718-1720. She is the younger sister of Charles XII. And her parents are Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark and Charles XI. In this article we will describe a short biography of the Swedish ruler.
Potential regent
Ulrika Eleonora was born in Stockholm Castle in 1688. As a child, the girl was not much spoiled with attention. Her elder sister Gedviga Sofia was considered her parents' favorite daughter.
In 1690, Ulrika Eleanor of Denmark was named by Charles as a possible regent in the event of his death, provided that their son did not reach adulthood. But due to frequent childbirth, the health of the king’s wife deteriorated greatly. After the winter of 1693 she was gone.
The Legend of the Queen's Death
There is a legend on this topic. It says that when Karl's wife was dying in the palace, Maria Stenbock (her favorite maid of honor) was lying sick in Stockholm. On the night when Ulrika Eleonora passed away, Countess Stenbock arrived at the palace and was allowed into the deceased’s room. One of the officers looked into the room and saw the Countess and the Queen talking by the window. The soldier's shock was so great that he began to cough up blood. Around the same time, Maria and her crew seemed to disappear. An investigation began, during which it turned out that that night the Countess was seriously ill and did not leave her house. The officer died of shock, and Stenbock died a little later. Karl personally gave the order never to talk about what happened anywhere.
Marriage and authority
In 1714, King Ulric's daughter Eleonora was engaged to Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. A year later their wedding took place. The princess's authority grew significantly, and those close to Charles XII had to take her opinion into account. The girl's sister, Gedviga Sophia, died in 1708. Therefore, in fact, Ulrika and Karl's mother were the only representatives of the Swedish royal family.
At the beginning of 1713, the monarch already wanted to make his daughter a temporary regent of the country. But he did not carry out this plan. On the other hand, the royal council wanted to enlist the support of the princess, so they persuaded her to attend all its meetings. At the first meeting where Ulrika was present, they decided to convene the Riksdag (parliament).
Some participants were in favor of appointing Eleanor as regent. But the royal council and Arvid Gorn were against it. They feared that new difficulties would arise with the change in government. Subsequently, Charles XII allowed the princess to sign all documents emanating from the council, except those sent to him personally.
Fight for the throne
In December 1718, Ulrika Eleonora learned of the death of her brother. She took this news calmly and forced everyone to call herself queen. The council did not oppose this. Soon the girl gave the order for the arrest of supporters of Georg Goertz and canceled all the decisions that came from his pen. At the end of 1718, at the convening of the Riksdag, Ulrika expressed a desire to abolish the autocracy and return the country to its previous form of government.
The Swedish military high command voted to abolish absolutism, not recognize the right of succession, and award Eleanor the title of queen. Members of the Riksdag had a similar position. But in order to gain the support of the royal council, the girl announced that she had no right to the throne.
Swedish Queen Ulrika Eleonora
At the beginning of 1719, the princess renounced hereditary rights to the throne. After that, she was proclaimed queen, but with one caveat. Ulrika approved a form of government composed by the estates. According to this document, most of her power passed into the hands of the Riksdag. In March 1719, Eleanor's coronation took place in Uppsala.
The new ruler was unable to cope with the difficulties that arose when she assumed a new position. Ulrika's influence dropped significantly after disagreements with the head of the Chancellery A. Gorn. She also did not have a good relationship with his successors - Krunjelm and Sparre.
Upon ascending the throne, the Swedish Queen Ulrika Eleonora wanted to share power with her husband. But in the end she was forced to abandon this idea due to the persistent resistance of the nobility. The inability to adapt to the new constitution, the autocracy of the ruler, as well as the influence of her husband on her decisions gradually pushed government officials to the desire to replace the monarch.
New King
Ulrika's husband Friedrich of Hesse began to actively work in this direction. To begin with, he became close to A. Gorn. Thanks to this, in 1720 he was elected Landmarshal at the Riksdag. Soon, Queen Ulrika Eleonora submitted a petition to the estates to rule jointly with her husband. This time her proposal was met with disapproval. On February 29, 1720, the heroine of this article abdicated the throne in favor of her husband, Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. There was only one stipulation - in the event of his death, the crown was returned to Ulrike. On March 24, 1720, Eleanor's husband became monarch of Sweden under the name Frederick I.
Far from power
Ulrika was interested in public affairs until her last days. But after 1720 she distanced herself from them, preferring to engage in charity work and reading. Although from time to time the former ruler replaced her husband on the throne. For example, in 1731 during his trip abroad or in 1738 when Frederick became seriously ill. It is worth noting that, replacing her husband on the throne, she showed only her best qualities. November 24, 1741 is the date when Ulrika Eleonora died in Stockholm. The Swedish queen left no descendants.
Ulrika Eleonora.
Reproduction from the site http://monarchy.nm.ru/
Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden
Ulrika Eleonora
Years of life: February 23, 1688 - November 24, 1741
Reign: November 30, 1718 - February 29, 1720
Father: Charles XI
Mother: Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark
Husband: Friedrich von Hesse-Kassel
Ulrika Eleonora inherited the throne after the unexpected death of her older brother Charles, who had no children. Ulrika immediately agreed to the signing of a new constitution that limited the power of the monarch in favor of parliament and officials. When making political decisions, she always consulted with her husband Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and even wanted to officially appoint him regent, but did not receive the consent of the Riksdag. Then Ulrika decided to abdicate the throne altogether in favor of her husband.
The reign of Ulrika Eleonora is considered in Sweden to be the beginning of the "Age of Freedoms", when a significant part of the powers of the monarch again passed to the aristocracy.
Material used from the site http://monarchy.nm.ru/ Ulrika Eleonora the Younger (23.I.1688 - 24.XI.1741) - Queen of Sweden (1719-1720), younger sister Charles XII . She was elected queen with the support of the aristocratic opposition, hostile to absolutism, but at the same time signed a law on a new form of government that transferred decisive power to the Riksdag. Stopped the reduction and restored a number of privileges of the highest nobility (letter of grant to the Baltic nobility in 1719, etc.). Ulrika Eleonora was completely dependent on her husband Frederick of Hesse
, in whose favor she abdicated the throne in 1720.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 14. TAANAKH - FELEO. 1971.
Read further: Sweden
, Kingdom of Sweden (history and list of rulers).
Against the backdrop of events in Ukraine, the glory and shame of Hetman Mazepa, covered by his European choice in favor of the Swedish king Charles XII, somehow faded.
However, the story of the Swedish king and commander, who was shot in the head, is shrouded in mystery, which brings us to the story of the Kaulbars fitting, hanging in the Knights' Hall of the Art Museum in St. Petersburg. A little about this secret george_rooke
on the death of Charles XII While everyone is holding their breath, wondering"What do crests have there?" , we will digress a little from the narrative outline and talk a little about a character with whom I have long become close, since the time I wrote.
"The Struggle for the Spanish Heritage"
Swedish sappers carry the body of Charles XII. If anyone carefully read the previous description, they should have concluded that the bullet hit the king’s head.
LEFT 
However, if we look at the photo of his skull: Then we will see that the bullet entered
ON RIGHT!
That is, they did not shoot from the side of the fortress walls of Fridriksten! Moreover, the court physician Melchior Neumann announced that the bullet that killed the king flew from the fortress - to. But the sappers who carried away the king claimed that wound in right temple- the shot was made from a trench.
The first opening of the king's sarcophagus was done in 1746, and it turned out that Neumann LIE - the bullet actually hit the right (this is clearly visible in the photo). That is, they fired at the king from Swedish trenches, and their own.
Since the bullet pierced his head (entered the left temple and came out of the right), the big question was how hard the bullet would have hit Karl, taking into account the fact that the walls of the fortress were at least 600-1000 meters away.
Approximate plan of shooting at Karl from the Fridriksten fortress. We are interested in number 7 here - these are the trenches where Charles XII was.
Calculations showed that the bullet would have reached the place of Karl’s death from where the enemy could have shot at him, but its destructive power was no longer enough to pierce his head, knocking out his temple, as was discovered during the examination. Fired from a nearby Danish position, the bullet would have remained in the skull or even lodged in the wound itself. This means that someone shot the king from a much closer distance. But who?
The fact that it was a bullet is doubtful (they also talked about the buckshot that hit Karl in the head), but everyone present noted that it was a single weapon shot, and we most likely have no reason to doubt this.
However, the blow still fell precisely on the right side - on the right temple the entrance hole is clearly visible, from which deep cracks radiate like black rays. Instead of the left eye, according to eyewitnesses, there was a huge wound into which three fingers could easily fit.
Let us recall the description of Sergei Dolya from his “Lace and Steel”:
The impact area of a smoothbore musket can be divided into three zones.
I. Up to 100 meters. Zone of catastrophic destruction of the human body.
A supersonic projectile, which has no modern analogues in mass (like two bullets from the famous Colt 45 caliber), inflicts terrible wounds. There are no neat holes in the forehead and movie wounds here when main character grabs his shoulder (crushing a bag of paint) and at the same time casts the stoic, constipated Chuck Norris look at the enemy from under his brows.
If a musket bullet hits the forehead, then the head shatters like a watermelon on the floor, and if it hits the shoulder, it knocks out the joint (trochanter), and wraps the arm around the neck with a whip.
When shooting at gelatin blocks from 9 meters from a rifled carbine (No. 1288), its bullet formed a cavitation area measuring 369 cm³, this is a very respectable value. For comparison, the Austrians fired from their 5.56 mm AUG-1 assault rifle, so the cavity for temporary tissue expansion was three times smaller.
When approaching the enemy front at extremely close distances, the commander had to realize that the wounded could immediately be written off as irretrievable losses.
II. 100-150 meters. Area of severe blind wounds.
A musket bullet at this distance does not pierce the body, does not create a cavitation cavity, and naturally does not open into petals.
The wound is always blind and has the shape of a blunt cone, similar to the crater of an old volcano.
The large open area of the wound (for muskets Nos. 1316 and 1317 it was 5.2-5.9 cm³) leads to immediate contamination by microbes and large blood loss. The prognosis for treatment is unfavorable.
III. Over 150 meters. The zone of shell shock, which literally replete the documents of the Seven Years' War, occasionally leading to death, but having a moral impact at significant distances, by the standards of the era. There is no need to talk about targeted shooting here; we can talk about area sowing, watering dense enemy formations with a large elevation angle of the gun (he aimed at the hat, hit the foot).
From the description it is clear that we can only talk about zone I for a regular musket, or about zones I and II if a fortress gun was used. That is we're talking about about a shot from 100-150 meters. And the advanced trenches of the Swedes are located at a distance of 500-1000 meters (that is, the king could have received buckshot with such consequences, but everyone who was with him is talking about a single weapon shot, not a cannon shot).
And there remains one more option - everyone who was with Karl that night in the trench is lying. But why? What difference does it make whether the buckshot killed the king or the gun? What difference does it make whether Karl was with them all the time or crawled with a telescope to reconnoiter? Could they be accused of not protecting the king? But knowing Karl’s character, hardly anyone would blame them. Moreover, the company gathered that night surrounded by the international king.
It is logical to assume that lies in this situation have a reinforced concrete argument only in one case - it was the people who were with him who killed the king. Let me remind you of the entire composition: the Frenchman Philippe Maigret, the Livonian adjutant general Johan Fredrik von Kaulbars and the engineer lieutenant Karlberg. In addition, a little further away were the king's adjutant, Italian captain Marchetti, life guard captain Count Knut Posse, cavalry major general Baron Philip Boguslav von Schwerin, senior adjutant and personal secretary of Frederick of Kassel-Hesse Andre Sighier, as well as sapper captain Philip Schultz. That is, 2 French, Italian, Baltic, German, 2 Swedes.
At first, the suspicion of those who began the investigation into the death of the king (and the investigation began in 1750) fell on the French - Sigier and Maigret. Like, they killed for the sake of the interests of the French crown. But the whole problem is that the regent (if we take away the completely crazy version that the regent ordered Charles to his volunteers in order to please the English) had no reason to kill Charles, no matter how far-fetched the motives may be.
Therefore, they soon switched to engineer-lieutenant Karlberg. There was an opportunity, Karlberg was an excellent shooter and knew ballistics perfectly. But the motive?... Moreover, how could he take so many people as accomplices? There was also a dying confession of Baron Kronstedt - in the times described, he was a general under Charles XII. Like, the Danes offered him 100 thousand talers, if the Swedes lift the siege, for 500 guilders he hired the shooter Magnus Stierneros, the drabant of the Swedish king, he crawled from the trenches at night and found a secluded place between the fortress walls and trenches, and as soon as the king’s head appeared above parapet - shot and killed Karl. To be honest, the version is designed for idiots. For those who doubt it, I suggest sitting in a hole or ravine at 8-9 pm in November-December, and from a distance of 70-120 meters, identify a person by one sticking out head.
And yet, judging by the motives, the main suspects are Karl's sister Ulrika-Elionora and the Anglo-Hanoverian ruler George I. The first - because she received the crown as a result of this murder. The second - as is clear to everyone who read the previous post - because it immediately got rid of the dangerous enemy and ally of Jacob Stuart, in addition, it excluded plans for reconciliation with Peter I and the war for Bremen and Verdun.
But were there other reasons and motives? Could there be?
Yes, they very well could.
Charles XII was absent from Sweden for a long time, and the same situation arose as under Oxyshiern - the country was essentially ruled by a handful of nobility. The king who returned back pressed the nobles and began to rule alone. Why not a motive?
Or Peter I bribed someone, hoping for a dynastic crisis in Sweden (Charles did not have a direct heir). Also a motive!
Or Denmark, hoping to push its then contender, Karl Friedrich of Holstein-Gottorp, onto the throne of Sweden.
Or Poland-Saxony, since Charles wanted to install Leszczynski as Polish king instead of Augustus the Strong.
You can guess on coffee grounds as much as you like. In conclusion, the words from Lurka about Dyatlov’s tour group fit perfectly here: “In general, after the incident, so many different versions of what happened appeared that it seems that Dyatlov’s tour group had no chance to survive at all. Following these versions, a UFO constantly flies over Mount Otorten, nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological weapons are tested, prisoners are constantly running away in the vicinity, and behind them Death Squads are running, connecting rod bears, evil shamans, ancient gods, foreign intelligence agents are roaming near the mountain, and, of course, from such movement, avalanches happen there all the time - even in the summer, when there is no snow.".
There is only one meaning - Charles XII made so many enemies during his life, and put his life in danger so many times that he had almost no chance of ending his existence calmly, at home, in bed. That's why what happened happened.
