Gabdulla Tukay (Tukay Gabdulla Mukhamedgarifovich) was born on April 26, 1886 in the village of Kushlauch, Kazan province (now this territory is part of the Arsk region of Tatarstan). The father of the future writer was the parish mullah. He died when his son was only five months old. A few years later, Gabdulla's mother also died. The boy began wandering around foster families. The future writer began to study in the period 1892-1895, when he lived in the family of a peasant Sagdi. From the village of Kyrlay, he left for Uralsk, which at that time was the capital of the Ural Cossack army and was part of the Orenburg province (today the city is located in western Kazakhstan). In this city, the boy was taken in by the family of his aunt on his father's side.

The family of the merchant Galiaskar Usmanov, who sheltered Gabdulla, sent the young man to study at the madrasah of the progressively minded patrons of the Tukhvatullins. At the same time, he attended the Russian class, where he began to read the poems of Pushkin and Lermontov. Already at that time, teachers began to note the bright talent of Tukay, who tried himself in literature. Tukay's writings were first published in 1904. They appeared on the pages of the handwritten edition of Al-Gasr al-Jadid (New Age). At the same time, the young writer translates Krylov's fables and Koltsov's poems into Tatar. The revolutionary events of 1905 were also reflected in the work of Tukay. He actively published poems of the corresponding content in the publication "Fiker". In the autumn of 1907, Tukay arrived in Kazan, determined to devote himself entirely to creativity. The young talented author was able to quickly enter literary circles, becoming close to the youth who united around the newspaper Al-Islah (Reform). During this period, Tukay's works were published in the satirical publications Yashen (Lightning) and Yalt-Yult (Zarnitsa). Over the following years, Tukay increasingly turns to essays, in his journalism historical optimism is gradually replaced by sober assessments of the rural reality of that time, the desire to reflect sharp social contrasts. At this time, the poet also wrote such poetic works as "Autumn Winds", "Oppression", "Hopes of the People ...". In the period 1911-1912, Tukay's health deteriorated sharply. However, he went traveling, first visiting Astrakhan. While visiting the poet Sagit Ramiev, the writer got acquainted with the Azerbaijani public figure and writer Nariman Narimanov, exiled for revolutionary activities. Then Tukay decides to visit Ufa and St. Petersburg, where he will meet with Mullanur Vakhitov, who will become a revolutionary in the future. Due to health problems, the writer is forced to travel to Troitsk, and then to Kazakhstan. Returning to Kazan, despite feeling unwell, Tukay did not stop writing until his death. The heart of the twenty-six-year-old Tatar poet stopped on April 15, 1913. Maxim Gorky then wrote that the writer died "of hunger and consumption." Obituaries published by Kazan newspapers said that in the person of Gabdulla Tukay, the Tatars "lost the greatest national poet." The writer was buried in Kazan, his grave is located at the Tatar cemetery of the Novo-Tatar settlement.

Biography and episodes of the life of Gabdulla Tukay . When born and died Gabdulla Tukay, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. poet quotes, Photo and video.

Years of life of Gabdulla Tukay:

born April 26, 1886, died April 15, 1913

Epitaph

“We will leave when cities follow us into the distance,
A chain of dashing millennia, our bitter years.
From birth to death, living behind the native line,
We have grown together forever in flesh with the soil of the holy homeland!
From a poem by Gabdulla Tukay

Biography

The name of Gabdulla Tukay personifies a whole era in spiritual development Tatar people. This is a wonderful classic of Tatar poetry, famous far beyond the borders of his homeland. Tukay is called the founder of the literary Tatar language, a revolutionary poet, whose biography is literally cut with scars from the suffering of an entire people. To this day, the creative heritage of the poet delights his contemporaries, to this day his historical contribution inspires new artists to learn the truth, to which Tukay was faithful to his last breath.

Gabdullajan Tukaev (real name of the poet) was born in the village of Kushlavych, Kazan province. Being the son of a religious teacher, he, alas, did not have time to know parental love: at the age of four, the boy was left an orphan. Gabdulla's childhood passed in wanderings from one relative to another, but he never found a home or a family. But the spirit of wandering and searching accompanied him throughout his life.

The first poems of Gabdulla Tukay were written in the city of Uralsk, where the poet spent his youth. There he attended a Muslim school and, in particular, its Russian class. Tukay's giftedness was obvious, which was repeatedly emphasized by all the teachers. And now eighteen-year-old Tukay is holding the Novy Vek magazine in his hands. It was in this handwritten edition that his first poetic lines, the first translations into Tatar were captured. The literary idols of young Gabdulla are Lermontov and Pushkin. But the poet does not yet know what future contribution to the literature of his people will put him on the same pedestal with the greatest luminaries of art.

Gabdulla Tukay was completely absorbed in the changes that the 1905 revolution brought. The right-wing deputies suggested that the Tatars move out of the Russian Empire, to which Tukay resolutely replied with the poem "We will not leave." Since then, he has been firm in his positions, and the theme of national liberation has become fundamental in his work. He participated in demonstrations, wrote numerous poems and articles to newspapers with characteristic youthful energy, made contacts with supporters of the opposition movement and, despite poor health, did not allow himself to give up.

Gabdulla Tukay died on April 15, 1913. The poet died in the hospital from, as Maxim Gorky mentioned, "hunger and consumption", which caused Tukay's death. Tatar newspapers were full of headlines that their greatest national poet had passed away, and thousands of caring crowds gathered at Tukay's funeral. The funeral of Gabdulla Tukay took place at the Tatar cemetery of the Novo-Tatar settlement in Kazan. Today, a beautiful monument with a relief portrait of the great Tatar poet has been erected on Tukay's grave.

life line

April 26, 1886 Date of birth of Gabdulla Tukay.
1892 Moving to the village of Kyrlay and settling in the Sagdi family.
1904 Tukay's first publications in the Novy Vek magazine.
1907 Moving to Kazan. Activation of creativity.
1908 Creation of a cycle of poems about peasants and about their small homeland.
1911 Journey along the Volga.
1912 Travel to Petersburg. Exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis.
April 15, 1913 Date of death of Gabdulla Tukay.
April 17, 1913 Date of Tukay's funeral.

Memorable places

1. The village of Koshlauch (Republic of Tatarstan), where Tukay Gabdulla was born.
2. The city of Uralsk (Kazakhstan), where the poet spent his youth.
3. The city of Kazan, where Tukay lived and worked.
4. Museum of Gabdulla Tukay in Kazan.
5. Monument to Tukay in St. Petersburg.
6. Monument to Gabdulla Tukay in Moscow.
7. Square of Gabdulla Tukay in Astrakhan, where a monument to the poet is erected.
8. Tatar cemetery in Kazan, where Gabdulla Tukay is buried.

Episodes of life

As a child, Gabdulla Tukay happened to change eight families. Often he was simply put in a sleigh and sent on a long journey, dooming him to complete uncertainty. So, for example, in Kazan, Tukay was offered for adoption right at the Hay market.

During his short life (and he lived for less than 27 years) Tukay published more than thirty books. The overwhelming majority of them are collections for children. school age, poetry of revolutionary themes, books on the study of oral folk art.

Covenant

“With whom has life not been in an evil strife?
In the fight, you do not yield to her in the least!

Documentary film "Five Moments of Love" dedicated to the memory of Gabdulla Tukay

condolences

"Gabdulla Tukay was and is the greatest Tatar in the entire Tatar history."
Mustai Karim, poet

“I am moved by feelings of gratitude for the talent and heritage of Tukay, because Tukay belongs not only to the Tatar people, the geography of his belonging is immeasurably wider.”
Chingiz Aitmatov, writer

"Love Tukay, love the beauty of his soul, his poetry - it contains both spring and deep human wisdom."
Sahip Jamal, writer

“Tukai is a spiritual, moral, artistic value, simply immeasurable. Such a value cannot belong to one people. Tukay, like Pushkin, like Lermontov, like Shakespeare, like Heine, belongs to all mankind.”
Igor Ryakhin, poet

“Tukay is a great poet of the Tatar people. His work has long become close and dear to all the peoples of our country.
Pavel Tychyna, poet

Gabdulla Tukay is a famous Tatar writer, poet, critic and translator. He is the founder of the new poetry of the nation, he raises the feeling of patriotism highly. Tukay created a school of poetry, under the beneficial influence of which a large generation of not only Tatar but also other writers grew up.

Gabdulla Tukay: biography

The writer was born on April 26, 1886 in the village of Kushlavych. His father - Mukhamedgarif - comes from the Kazan province. The writer's grandfather was a mullah. When Gabdulla was 4.5 months old, his father died, and at the age of three he also lost his mother. For some time he lived in the family of his grandfather Zinnatulla, then he ended up in Kazan in the family of the childless Muhammetvali, where he lived for about 2 years.

The biography of Gabdulla Tukay says that his adoptive parents fell ill, and the boy ended up in the family of the peasant Sagdi in the village of Kyrlay, where he lived for three years. Peasant life was not easy for him. Here he worked a lot, studied and learned the life of Gabdulla Tukay. short biography further tells about his further childhood, which took place in the city of Uralsk. He was taken to his family by the merchant Galiaskar Usmanov, where his aunt was the mistress. The future writer studied at the madrasah of the Tukhvatullin family, at the same time he attended a Russian class, his great natural talent manifested itself in his studies.

By the age of 16, the main beliefs and features of the poet were formed. The biography of Gabdulla Tukay confirms that the young man was very educated: he knew European, Russian, Eastern cultures well, several languages ​​and many fairy tales that he told interestingly.

He had a good ear, and he sang well, although his voice was not particularly beautiful, but the young man knew how to embellish the notes of the melody.

Cooperation with publications

Tuqay's first literary works are partially preserved in the journal Al-Gasr al-Jadid (1904). In the same year, he translated Krylov's fables into his native language and offered to publish them. He was interested in the works of Lermontov and Pushkin. His first work in poetry was the translation of the work of A. Koltsov “What are you sleeping, little man?”, Published in 1905.

The biography of Gabdulla Tukay says that after the revolution of 1905 began, the first magazines and newspapers Al-gasr al-jadid, Fiker appeared in Uralsk. Tukay collaborated with them and published many poems on the topics that the revolution presented. The writer also participated in numerous urban demonstrations.

In 1907, Tukay left the Tukhvatullins' madrasah. Thus began his free life.

Which happened in the same year, prompted the writer to create the poem “We won’t leave!”. The biography of Gabdulla Tukay says that in this work the voice of a fighter sounded, calling to the end to stand for the honor of his native land and democracy. Tukay's poems such as "A Pair of Horses", "Shurale", written at the beginning of the 20th century, are devoted to the theme of his native land.

Creativity Tukay

Many different genres were covered by Gabdulla Tukay. His biography defines his work as folk and realistic.

In the autumn of 1907, the writer came to Kazan to do what he loved there. Literary circles accept him with ease, he approaches young writers who are grouped around the publication "Al-Islah".

At this time, Tukay directed all his literary abilities to satirical and humorous magazines "Yalt-yult", "Yashen". By 1908, the writer had collected a series of interesting poetic and journalistic essays. The poems "In the Blessed Memory of Khusain" and "Tatar Youth" are filled with feelings of historical optimism.

For 1909-10 the writer created one hundred poems, two fairy tales, an essay in the autobiographical style “What I remember about myself”, an article about Tatar creativity, 30 reviews and feuilletons, published 12 books. For many years Tukay collected folk songs. In 1910, the writer published some of the collected songs in the book National Melodies.

Gabdulla Tukay: biography for children

At the same time, Tukay started writing poetry and prose for children. The poems "Goat and Sheep", "Shurale" and 50 poems, about 100 translated fables he created in five years. A great place in literature had the creations "Call to Labor", the poem "Shurale" and "Funny Pages", written based on folk tales. Tukay created 2 reading books on Tatar literature for the school. The poet was recognized as the founder of Tatar literature for children.

Writer's travels

Most of Tukay's poems and essays were written under the influence of trips to the villages of Zakazany. They describe the reality assessed by the protector of the people.

Despite poor health, in 1911-12, Gabdulla made travels that were of great importance to him. In 1911, Tukay arrived by steamboat in Astrakhan, on the way he got acquainted with the Volga region (“Little Journey”, “Dacha”). Here the writer stayed with his friend Sagit Ramiev. In Astrakhan he met an Azerbaijani public figure Nariman Narimanov, who was exiled there for his revolutionary activities.

In the spring of 1912, the writer decided to go to Kazan, Ufa and St. Petersburg. He lived in St. Petersburg for thirteen days, after that he went to Troitsk, and then to the Kazakh steppe to drink koumiss in the hope of improving his health. In August, Tukay returned to Kazan. He worked in a printing house and, despite poor health, continued to engage in creativity.

2(15).04. 1913 Gabdulla Tukay died. He died in the prime of his talent. The traditions of Tukay became decisive ideological and aesthetic factors and life-giving sources for the development of Tatar literature in the future under the banner of nationality and realism.

Gabdulla Tukay was buried at the Tatar cemetery in Kazan.

memory of a poet

In honor of the writer are named: Kazanskaya Square, metro, streets in Ufa, the village of Dautovo in the Chelyabinsk region.

Tukay was also erected monuments in Uralsk, Sank-Peterburg and Moscow.

Museums of Gabdulla Tukay were opened: the Literary Museum in Kazan, the literary and memorial complex of Gabdulla Tukay in the village of Novy Kyrlay.

The art award in Tatarstan was also named after the writer.

Complete scientific biography There is no touka. Perhaps the blank spots in the history of his fate will be filled by Tukay's Encyclopedia, which is being prepared for publication. Whether the legends and myths about the poet correspond to the truth, AiF-Kazan found out with the help of Guzel Tukhvatova, head of the G. Tukay Literary Museum.

Tukay - not the real name of the poet?

Tukay was born in 1886 in the village of Kushlavych (now the Arsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan). In the birth register, the name of the father of the future poet is written as Muhammetgarif Mukhamedgalimov. But among the people he was abbreviated as Garif, Garifulla. Therefore, according to the father's name, the surname of Tukay is Garifov. It is difficult to say with certainty where the surname Tukay came from.

Tukay's books were published with the spelling of his name Gabdulla, less often - Abdullah, because Arabic name Abdulla translated into Tatar sounds like Gabdulla. And Tukay was also called Apush - according to one version, this is an abbreviated version from Alexander Pushkin.

Photo reproduction of the painting "Little Tukay" by Kh. Kazakov provided by the museum of G. Tukay

Was Tukay a hereditary poet?

Tukay's father was a mullah, he died when the future poet was 4.5 months old. Mother remarried a mullah from a neighboring village. In the autobiographical story “What I remember about myself”, Tukay wrote that, having married, his mother gave him to the care of an old woman, Sharifa.

“They say that on winter evenings, barefoot, in one shirt, I went out into the yard and then returned to the door to enter the hut. I could not open the door, so I stood and waited for them to open it, until my legs froze to ice, ”the poet recalled. However, a number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the poet's memoirs are not accurate. There was only one woman in the village named Sharifa, who died before Tuqay was born.

The poet's mother passed away when Tukay was 3.5 years old. The grandfather of the poet Zinnatulla, who was a mullah, wrote poems on the death of his daughter. The museum has an autograph of this poem.

Tukayu's adoptive parents were found in the bazaar?

There is a version that the step-grandmother, the second wife of Tukay's maternal grandfather, who had six children, did not want to keep her husband's grandson. She agreed with a Kazan merchant that she would send little Tukay to him for education.

According to another version, the grandmother was native. Her six children were uncles and aunts of the future poet. Although the grandfather was a mullah, the family lived from hand to mouth. So that little Tukay would not die of hunger, he was sent to Kazan for education. The coachman brought the boy to the house of people who wanted to take him up. However, they were not at home. After that, the child was brought to the Sennoy Bazaar. There he was taken in by the family of a small handicraftsman. He sewed national shoes, and his wife sewed skullcaps, kalfaks. The family sold all this at the Hay Bazaar. Together with his adoptive parents, Tukay went to the houses of rich people, where they delivered completed orders.

Tukay has never been to Shamil's house, where is his museum?

The fact that Imam Shamil (the leader of the Caucasian highlanders who fought with Russia in the 19th century) lived in a mansion on the street. Ekaterininskaya (now Tukay St.) and married the daughter of Ibragim Apakov, many guidebooks around Kazan say. In fact, this house was built by order of the merchant I. Apakov. In 1884, when his daughter married Shamil, his middle son, he presented this house to his daughter.

Photo: AiF / Courtesy of G. Tukay Museum

Kazanians began to call the mansion Shamil's house, but according to the documents, it belonged to Mrs. Shamil. Opposite Shamil's house on the street. Ekaterininskaya, 63, the editorial office of the newspaper "Al-Islah" was located. When Tukay arrived from the city of Uralsk, the editorial office of this newspaper was located in the rooms of Bulgar, and then moved to a house on Ekaterininskaya. It is quite possible that the poet often visited Shamil's house - in a bookstore located on the ground floor.

Is there an underground passage in Shamil's house?

Old-timers of the Old Tatar settlement speak about its existence. In their opinion, Slobozhans could dig such a passage to Lake Kaban in order to avoid forced Christianization. The building of the museum is now being prepared for reconstruction. Builders are examining the building, but have not yet found an underground passage.

Did Tukay always wear a skullcap?

Tukay usually did not wear a headdress, trying to look like Russian poets. At one time he wore the same shirt as Leo Tolstoy. In a skullcap, he was photographed for a collection of poems. The poet came to the photo studio, but he did not have a skullcap. The publisher G. Sharaf took a skullcap out of his pocket and gave it to Tukay. According to the recollections of friends, Tukay did not give of great importance clothes. Once I bought a jacket two sizes larger at the market, which I wore for quite a long time.

Did Tukay live in poverty all his life?

Arriving in Kazan in 1907, the poet worked in the editorial office of the Al-Islah newspaper, collaborated with other publications, worked as a freight forwarder in a bookstore, where he received a salary of 40 rubles. It was good money, because at that time a craftswoman was paid 15 kopecks for one embroidered kalfak. Tukay's fees were higher than those of other poets. Tukay ordered after his death to establish a scholarship for gifted children, leaving 500 rubles for this.

Photo: AiF / Aliya Sharafutdinova

Did Kazan make candles with a portrait of Tukay?

The scientist Ibragim Nurullin wrote that after the death of the popular poet in Kazan they began to produce sweets, candles, soap, on the labels of which Tukay was depicted. Candles and soap were not preserved. Whether they were is not known for certain. The museum contains only a label of sweets with a portrait of the poet. The Alfa factory that produced them was located in Shamil's house, which is why it was also called the "confectionery castle".

Did Muslim women perform a feat for the sake of Tukay?

The funeral of the poet on April 4, 1913 turned into a procession of many thousands. As a sign of mourning, shops did not work, Kazan plants, factories announced part-time work. Classes were canceled in schools and madrasas. The founder of the Tatar Women's Gymnasium, Fatiha Aitova, allowed her pupils to go to Tukay's funeral with flowers. It was a very bold step for that time, almost a feat. After all, according to Sharia law, women are still not allowed to go to the cemetery.

Gabdulla Tukay biography briefly and Interesting Facts from the life of the Tatar poet you will learn in this article.

Gabdulla Tukay biography short

Gabdulla Tukay (Tukay Gabdulla Mukhamedgarifovich) was born on April 14 (26), 1886 in the village of Kushlauch, Kazan province (now the Republic of Tatarstan) in the family of a parish mullah. Soon his father died. And at the age of 4, Gabdulla became an orphan.

He was brought up by his numerous poor relatives, who considered him superfluous in their families and, of course, treated him accordingly. He did not know the affection and love of loved ones and needed attention. Not surprisingly, as a child, he was very sick.

First, little Gabdulla studied at a Muslim school, then his aunt took him to Uralsk, where he went to a Russian class and got acquainted with the works of Russian poets Lermontov and Pushkin. During the training, Gabdulla showed high talent in almost all subjects. In the madrasah, he was considered the most educated, sharp-witted and lively.

Gabdulla was a gifted boy and at the age of 16 he wrote his first poems, then he began to translate poems and fables into the Tatar language.

In 1907, Tukay graduated from his studies and began the free life of a poet.

In the autumn of 1907, Gabdulla left for Kazan, where he immediately joined the ranks of the progressive youth, entered literary circles and began cooperation with publishing houses.

In 1908-1909, the poet traveled through his small homeland - the villages of Order. Impressed by this trip, he wrote many poems and travel notes.

Unfortunately, during this period, Tukay's health began to deteriorate sharply. He experienced financial difficulties, his situation was disastrous, almost beggarly, the poet vegetated in cheap and cold hotel rooms.

Despite feeling unwell, he made another grandiose journey, in the spring of 1911 he sailed on a steamer to Astrakhan, the poet got acquainted with the life of the Volga region. And in 1912 he went on an even more distant journey - from Ufa to St. Petersburg. Here Gabdulla was met rather coldly, he spent only 13 days in St. Petersburg, from there he went to Troitsk. And then he left for the Kazakh steppes, where he lived for almost two months, hoping to improve his health, the poet constantly used koumiss there.

From the trip, the poet returned to Kazan in early August 1912. Even being seriously ill, he continued to work in the printing house, breathing air saturated with lead fumes, and writing, no matter what.

On April 2 (15), 1913 at 20:15 Gabdulla Tukay died. He died very young, having lived incomplete 27 years.

Gabdulla Tukay interesting facts

Tukay usually did not wear a headdress, trying to look like Russian poets. At one time he wore the same shirt as Leo Tolstoy. Tukay did not attach much importance to clothing. Once I bought a jacket two sizes larger at the market, which I wore for quite a long time.

Gabdulla Tukay received 50 kopecks in silver or gold for each line he wrote, which made him the highest paid poet of his time. Tukay lived in poverty, although he himself earned enough. But he often lent money to friends, established two nominal scholarships for 500 rubles for the education of talented Muslims in a Russian educational institution.

Despite being very popular with the opposite sex, Tukay tried to avoid relationships with girls, because I thought it looked ugly.

Gabdulla Tukay knew 5 languages- Tatar, Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Russian.

In less than 8 years of his creative life, Gabdulla Tukay wrote 9 poems, more than 400 poems, as well as 350 stories, essays and memoirs.

The poet died of tuberculosis.

The funeral of the poet on April 4, 1913 turned into a procession of many thousands. As a sign of mourning, shops did not work, Kazan plants, factories announced part-time work. Classes were canceled in schools and madrasas. The founder of the Tatar Women's Gymnasium, Fatiha Aitova, allowed her pupils to go to Tukay's funeral with flowers. It was a very bold step for that time, almost a feat. After all, according to Sharia law, women are still not allowed to go to the cemetery.