Print the assignment for a 6 year old child. Developmental tasks for preschool children. Find identical objects

Logical thinking in children begins to develop at an early age, but it strengthens only closer to the school period (6–7 years). The main type of thinking in the development of logic is figurative thinking, which should develop most directly.
The mental development of a child is a very important and significant process, in which tasks in pictures can help.

Children who are in the developmental stage of 6-7 years face several challenges:
Knowledge of the surrounding world;
Perception of patterns characterizing objects and phenomena;
The ability to identify common and standard features of objects.

Stages of development of logical thinking in children 6-7 years old

1. Assimilation. The baby, like a sponge, must absorb as much as possible and as quickly as possible. Mastering the basics of logic - the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of objects and learning to apply this knowledge in everyday life is a primary task.

2. Implementation. A little person should be able to formulate his thoughts into words, putting together and voicing complete verbal reasoning.

3. Replacement. This stage is the complete opposite of the above stage. It is necessary to be able to replace visually perceived objects and phenomena with mental operations.

Requirements for developmental classes

For normal standard child development, by the age of six to seven years, a child should be able to reproduce the following actions:

1. Combine certain objects into groups, identify patterns, distribute objects and phenomena according to various criteria, and also continue logical chains independently, without outside help or external prompts.

2. Find an extra item in a row and clearly explain the reason why this or that item was highlighted.

3. Also, without outside prompts, compose complete, complete stories based on the proposed pictures.

4. Distribute objects into groups, explaining the reason and sign of this distribution.

Types of games and activities for child development at 6-7 years old

There are a huge number of games that develop children's logic, which can be divided into several categories:

1) Graphic games. Aimed at developing fine motor skills and basic preparation of the hand for writing.
2) Math classes. Basically, these are rebuses and puzzles that contribute to the development of oral and written counting, as well as abstract thinking.
3) Speech classes. Thanks to them, vocabulary quickly increases.
4) Puzzles and board games. They help you form your thoughts, group them strategically and draw conclusions based on them.

Options for logic-developing games and activities for children 6-7 years old

In order for a little person to develop according to his age, parents need to devote the proper amount of time to him, exercising and solving all kinds of problems in the form of games and entertainment.

Lesson I. “I made a wish”
The point of the game is that the parent makes a wish for one or another object. The child’s task is to guess this object using leading questions. The essence of the game is to learn how to correctly formulate and express your thoughts, constructing questions correctly.

Lesson II. "Compare"
The little participant is offered several objects and phenomena, in some ways similar to each other, and in some ways, on the contrary, different. The child’s task is to accurately determine all the similarities and differences between these things.

Recommendations for the older generation

You should not force your child to do anything. You need to be able to present this activity to him in such a way that he wants to do it himself.
Therefore, the more positive energy and energy comes from adults, the more willing will be the desire to play games or learn something new and unfamiliar with developmental activities.

Video “Developmental activities for children 6-7 years old”

Parents often think about how to prepare their son or daughter for school. What skills should children have who will sit at a desk for the first time in a year?

What are they?

Every year of life for children is a certain stage. It's the adults who don't change as quickly as they do. After all, childhood is the time of the most intense human development. In no other years does he acquire as much as as a preschooler.

During its first 5-6 years, a child turns from an absolutely helpless newborn into a fully developed person. He has his own interests and character traits, individual views on life. This speed of success and the manifestation of ever new abilities is simply amazing.

The child turned 5 years old. It is growing rapidly - right before our eyes. Such a boy or girl needs energy. Therefore, the quality of food is important.

The child's behavior also changes. He develops an evaluative attitude towards himself and other people. He is quite often interested in what is good and bad, and really wants to live by the rules. He condemns those who violate this. For him, his parents are an ideal, an object to be emulated in every detail. So try to make your example positive.

"I got it"

As for the psychological component, at 5 years old a child already understands a lot. He listens to your explanations and responds adequately to all requests from adults. He can occupy himself if his parents are not yet able to be with him.

Psychologists say: 90% of personality is formed between 5 and 7 years. And during these two generally short years, mothers and fathers can “put” into their child the very qualities that they consider necessary, and cultivate exactly those habits that, in their opinion, cannot be done without.

All this is not difficult. Children these years easily copy those whom they love, respect, and appreciate. Their behavior is the best, the most correct, the only possible. So control your actions and words. After all, if you say one thing and act completely differently, then don’t expect anything good from your child!

Write and read

Communicating with five-year-old boys and girls is a pleasure. At 5 years old, a child is interested in everything. He is unusually open to all new information, knowledge, as well as to various skills. He wants to do everything at once, try everything: dance, draw, and play tennis. It’s interesting that he actually has an easy time with both mental and physical skills.

It also surprises no one that even before first grade, many children already know letters, can write them, and some also read quite fluently. Children usually also master the simplest arithmetic operations; they can add and subtract. In a word, now is the most favorable time to “cram” more valuable and useful things into your child. Very little time will pass - and this wonderful, passionate interest in the world around us, which pleases mom and dad, will slowly fade away. So don't miss such a good time.

At the desk

Research by psychologists provides such interesting data. Of all the six-year-olds who go to school, only 30% have learned to hear what the teacher says, remember, do what he tells them to do, and then analyze their actions.

But 70% do not know how to do this, 25% require that the task be repeated to them twice or even three times. 30% of children hear, understand, remember, but do not know how to act independently. This boy sits and moves his pen across the table. It doesn't work, so to speak. The teacher should come up to him and say: “Come on, write the numbers.” Otherwise, he will not do anything until the end of the lesson and, therefore, will not learn.

This is where all the difficulties of a first-grader stem. And the reluctance to go to classes after a week. However, when a child has lived correctly for five years, all these skills have been formed.

Let them play more

A child is not an adult. He masters the world through play. All the rules of life, its laws and norms - only in a playful form, and not through lectures or notations. Therefore, it is necessary to teach him the same alphabet, reading, and arithmetic only in this way.

At this time, children begin to ask rather difficult questions, which makes some adults nervous. And in vain. You can’t brush off your son or daughter! For example, how do you answer this: “Why are the leaves green, but the sky is not, it’s blue?” Moms and dads, no matter how busy they are in the evenings, must answer all this truthfully and clearly. And here, educational games for children 4 - 5 years old are very good helpers, simply irreplaceable. They have no competitors yet.

Tests and puzzles

True, the kids will have to think very carefully. After all, the tasks are not so simple. But it will be an excellent training - for the development of memory, also imagination with attention, also counting, and other properties necessary for a preschooler.

For example, there are many crossword puzzles designed for this age. You can also make sentences from different words mixed together. How fascinated children are by tests! The ones where you need to choose only the correct answers.

Children love to look for all sorts of differences in the pictures. This is where attentiveness, perseverance, and perseverance develop.

There are many other types of pastime from the “educational games for children 4-5 years old” series. The same assembling puzzles is not just an activity to keep the child quiet at home and not bother anyone. No, this is a great way to develop his creative abilities.

All familiar letters

There will be nothing wrong if adults tell the child what letters are. This will be interesting for 5 year old children. But how to learn them with a child?

Usually girls and boys themselves begin to ask: “What are these badges?” - when someone at home reads a book to them. There is also a special alphabet for children 5 years old. This colorfully published alphabet is a wonderful book. She is still unfamiliar to the kids. So it's time to buy it right now and start practicing.

The main thing is not to demand that the baby firmly understand everything. It is more important to maintain interest in learning. It is enough to conduct such classes for children 4 - 5 years old for 10 - 15 minutes a day. It's good to learn letters with short words. But the form of the game is strictly required!

Guessing game

Folklore is more useful now than ever - riddles for children 5 years old. They are very figurative, concise, and easy to remember. This is a kind of mental gymnastics. And how beautifully creative thinking, the same ingenuity and ingenuity develops at the same time. And what is important for our time is the gift of solving simple problems in a very non-standard way. If you want to develop your child mentally, do not neglect guessing games. Moreover, kids love them very much. And composed in poetic form, they are much more interesting.

But in poetry they force children to pay attention to little things that previously remained unnoticeable, and broaden their horizons.

And what joy and pride comes over the child when he finds the correct answer! Moreover, children can play this way without adults, on their own, which gives them the ability to communicate with each other, live in a team and take into account others. All this will be useful not only at school, but in life in general. Contact people, as noted, are easier to advance in their careers, and their leisure time is more meaningful.

Another tip. Solve riddles with your children. Or try to come up with them yourself. Even on your everyday, vital material. It is very funny! Not to mention the benefits for the whole family, for the good atmosphere in it.

New idea

Praise your children more for success in any activity. Don't scold for mistakes. Is everything going smoothly at work for you? And don’t get tired of maintaining a keen interest in learning in your child, and not only in the area of reading.

The new generation of parents, brought up in the era of the flourishing of information technology, begins to introduce their children to all kinds of “developmental activities” almost from the cradle, and this gives good results. But for children 5-6 years old, developmental activities are no less important, even if these children already know how to read and count, not to mention fluent use of modern gadgets.

Psychology of senior preschoolers: transitional age

Psychologists say that at the turn of 5-6 years a person begins to realize himself as an individual. He already seems old enough, learns to communicate with peers, makes permanent friends. And at the same time, a willingness to consciously learn something begins to appear. It is during this period that it is important to begin to instill in him the habit of long-term studies, which will be very useful at school.

Little fidgets don’t want to sit at their desks for a long time, thinking about logical problems, and this is natural. A 5-year-old child needs a regular release of energy much more than an adult. To keep children’s attention and direct it in the right direction, learning should be carried out in a playful way, and games can also be active.

Enroll your preschooler in a sports section, dancing or gymnastics: this way the baby can spend his excess energy usefully.

Another feature of the age under consideration comes to the aid of teachers - the child’s mental functions mature enough to allow him to concentrate on some activity for quite a long time. Interesting tasks for children related to coloring, putting together a puzzle or construction set, or arranging numbers can captivate them for a long time. This is possible at an earlier age, however, as a rule, it happens sporadically. Senior is the time when such activities should become systematic.

Children 5-6 years old absorb knowledge like a sponge

The child’s transition to the next stage of physical and mental development determines a new wave of interest in the world around him. He begins to ask questions of a global nature - about the structure of the world, for example. An adult should answer in detail, but at the same time, clearly, preferably with examples. If you don’t have time to answer at the moment, you should remember the question and promise the little why to answer later (and be sure to keep the promise).

Don’t be shy to admit if you don’t know the answer to a question: find it with your child on the Internet or in a book.

Along with an increased interest in the world around them, children’s interest in reading also grows. Children's educational encyclopedias devoted to various areas of knowledge stimulate the development of this skill: if a 5-year-old child does not yet know how to read, he will have a desire to learn as soon as possible. Thanks to such colorful encyclopedias, the first ideas about geography, history, culture are formed, and knowledge about the animal world and natural phenomena is replenished.

It is this age that teachers consider the most favorable for memorizing a large amount of information, which means that the development of a 5-6 year old child will affect his learning abilities at an older age. You can even benefit from a passion for computer games: preschoolers enjoy playing “developmental games” aimed at teaching counting, reading, foreign languages, training memory, attention and logical thinking.

Speech development is the most important aspect of learning

The speech of an older preschooler is normally already quite developed: it contains all types of sentences, including complex ones; The child easily operates with tense forms, freely changes words by gender, number and case. All or almost all sounds are pronounced clearly. The phonetic system of the native language has been completely mastered, but the ability to assimilate the sounds characteristic of a particular foreign language has not yet been lost. During this period, it is useful to focus specifically on the phonetic side of the desired foreign language: for example, memorize poems and songs, easily achieving good pronunciation.

As for the native language, the priority area of preschool education is training reading skills. If a 5 or 6 year old child cannot read, this is the first thing to do. Typically, children at this age already know the letters and are smart enough to understand how they form syllables.

Buy your child a magnetic alphabet as early as possible: this will help him become interested in letters and remember them.

To improve reading fluency, the following exercise is useful: an adult reads the text aloud at the most comfortable speed so that the child follows the voice letter by letter. Over time, the speed of such joint reading increases due to intensive training of visual memory, and independent reading skills also improve. This developmental exercise involves individual lessons and is easily done at home with parents.

In addition to reading in preschool age, it is necessary to develop oral speech. You should ask your child as often as possible to retell a fairy tale, cartoon, or come up with a story for the picture in his own words. Exercises like these are extremely useful:

develop memory and thinking;
increase the ability to logically and competently express your thoughts;
promote the development of imagination;
train public speaking skills, which is especially effective when practicing in a group;
allows adults to assess the vocabulary and quality of a child’s speech, and to track these indicators over the course of several lessons.

Retelling does not have to be limited to the educational framework: you can ask the child to tell something even on the way to a music school or a dance lesson.

Preparing for school: assessing the level of proximal development

An outstanding Russian scientist involved in child psychology, L. S. Vygotsky introduced into science the concept of the zone of proximal development. It is contrasted with the current level of development of the child and outlines the immediate future to which to strive. An indicator of the current level is the child’s ability to perform certain tasks independently, and the level of proximal development is the ability to perform more complex tasks with the help of adults or in a team with peers.

Sometimes parents, concerned about the rapid development of their child, try to speed up his learning by offering him complex logical or mathematical tasks. Such experiments may not only fail to give the desired result, but also harm the child’s psyche, so determining the zone of proximal development should be entrusted to professional teachers and psychologists. The other extreme is also undesirable, when parents overly control the completion of homework, using hints to achieve the ideal result - this can negate the child’s independence in the future.

At 5-6 years old, the child’s development should be carried out in the following basic areas:

mathematics (counting within 10, knowledge of basic geometric shapes, the concept of sizes and distances);
the world around us (knowledge of the days of the week, seasons, an idea of the diversity of the animal world, etc.)
speech (the ability to give complete answers, describe the proposed pictures, generalize concepts into groups, read syllables).

If you wish, you can study music, painting, dancing, and a foreign language with your child - the list of developmental activities goes on. The main thing is to closely monitor the child’s psychological state, maintaining an ideal balance between study, play and relaxation.

Assignment: “There is a mistake in one of these pictures. Which one? Explain why"

Assignment: “On which plate does the pear lie in front of the apple?”

Assignment: “Where is whose shadow?”

Assignment: “What will happen if you cut out a figure drawn on a folded sheet?”

Assignment: “What should be drawn in the empty cell?”

Assignment: “One of these towers must fall. Which?"

Assignment: “In which picture does the pose of the bear and the bunny coincide with the top picture?”

Assignment: “How many black cells does this plump dinosaur cover? Count only whole cells."

Assignment: “Choose the missing small cube so that each face of the large cube is the same color.”

Assignment: “The trainer’s whip is tangled. How many nodes does it have?”

Assignment: “What color is the lowest stick?”

Assignment: “One mouse is about to fall. Which?"

Assignment: “What is close to the girl, what is far?”

Assignment: “In which pictures will the ropes tie in a knot if you pull their ends?”

Assignment: “How many animals does the girl see, how many does the boy see, and how many does the father see?”

Assignment: “Divide each chocolate bar into 4 equal parts”

Assignment: “Switch the places of two dancers so that the boys and girls stand next to one.”

Assignment: “The travelers decided to take a picture of the house. Who got what photo?”

Assignment: “What parts is this boat built from?”

Assignment: “The robot decided to clean up. What did he do wrong? Find eight "irregularities"

Thinking in children's lives

When a child approaches the age of 5-6 years, parents should pay attention to the level of his thinking. Because the ability to analyze and systematize the information received will improve school performance. Games with geometric shapes help systematize knowledge about the concepts: shape, color and size.

Is it possible to carry a bulky wardrobe along a narrow corridor? What to sew, what to wear to prom? How to stand in such a way that each person is clearly visible in the resulting photograph? All these tasks are set for imaginative thinking. The images themselves come in several categories depending on which sense organs are perceived.

Concepts are also included in the category of thinking and together represent irreplaceable elements. With the help of images, you can very quickly make a decision about the production and arrangement of this object. Of course, it is necessary to have the internal ability to manipulate images (mentally rotate objects), transform them and combine them. This kind of thinking is vital, but it doesn’t happen right away.

Small children should not cross the street alone, as they are not yet able to correctly assess the correct distance between them and the car. Such an ability will be formed only by the age of 15. The received information about images is perceived instantly, in a few milliseconds.

Retelling what you saw or read will take much longer than the fleeting run of a cat, and, moreover, it will not always be complete, because for many phenomena there are simply no suitable names or words. Those properties of an object that are reflected in images can be placed within a narrow conceptual framework. They cannot be divided into essential and non-essential. This ability of images is very valuable when solving problems.

With the help of figurative thinking, you can see various properties of an object (including those that are usually considered unimportant in concepts) and, already using these properties, identify connections between objects.

At the end of the 20th century, photography, film, and television significantly simplified the creation and transformation of images compared to traditional drawing techniques. Now it has become much easier to clearly show the subject under discussion, show the dynamics of change, and identify various possible outcomes of an event. This greatly helps to carry out quality work, making a person’s life easier.

To solve assigned problems, a person uses certain algorithms and action patterns. These algorithms are composed of both images and concepts. Operating with formal knowledge, a person projects new, unique images in his mind that will help him in the future to cope with tasks faster. Therefore, for high-quality activity it is necessary both to think in images and to operate with concepts that have long been known to everyone.

Video about how to develop children's thinking using cardboard and scissors

Exercise 1

Compare by size

Measure the length of the pencils using a ruler. Which one is the longest? Which one is the shortest? Show the pencils in order from longest to shortest. Color each pencil with a different color.

Task 2

Choose by shape

Find matching patches for your rugs. What shape are they (what geometric shapes are they similar to)?