Pai-Khoi is an old, heavily destroyed mountain range in the center of the Yugorsky Peninsula, stretching for about 200 km from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Part of the ridge is located on Vaigach Island, which separates the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea.
The highest point of the ridge is Mount More-Iz, its height above sea level is 423 m. The mountain is located about 40 km southeast of the village. Amderma. The mountain itself is flat, the rounded forms of the hill consist of the remnant of the glacier - the moraine. In the Nenets language, the mountain is called Vesei-Pe - "Old Man's Mountain". Pai-Khoi is composed of crystalline schists and sedimentary sandstones, marls and limestones.
For the first time for Europeans, the Pai-Khoi Ridge was discovered and its first geological and biological description was compiled by a research expedition led by Hoffmann Ernst Karlovich (1847-1853). She also described the ethnography of the region. The Yugorsky Peninsula is a large peninsula in the extreme northeast of Europe, between the Barents and Kara Seas, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region of Russia.
In physical and geographical terms, Pai-Khoi occupies the left bank of the Kara River and the Yugorsky Peninsula, in administrative terms it is located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region. A long discussion about whether Pai-Khoi is an independent ridge, a continuation of the Urals, its lateral branch, or even connected by origin with the Timan Ridge, ended only in the middle of this century. After the geological structure of Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals was carefully studied, it became clear that these geographical areas are directly connected and Pai-Khoi should be considered the northwestern continuation of the Urals, a link in the single Ural-Novaya Zemlya folded region.
According to its orographic structure, Pai-Khoi is a rather complex mountainous country, consisting of several parallel mountain ranges and adjacent plateaus. This entire territory belongs to the tundra zone, among which gentle peaks rise with stony placers, and sometimes rocks. The dismemberment of Pai-Khoi and the obliteration of its forms have been repeatedly emphasized by researchers. E. K. Hoffman wrote that Pai-Khoi “has a series of unconnected, rounded and covered with turf mountains, on which stony caps are visible only in some places ...”.
Pai-Khoi is described in approximately the same way by S. V. Kertselli, who pointed out that this range “does not represent a continuous mountain range”, but is a series of “separate narrow, low hillocks elongated along the line of the entire range”. The local population is well aware of the orographic dissection of Pai-Khoi. So, according to Kertselli, "reindeer hunters" distinguish Big Stone - the central part of the ridge, Small Stone (among Komi - Zola-Iz) - its extremely southern ridge, Sea Range - part of Pai-Khoi from Mount Morepai to Yugorsky Shar.
The geographical name Pai-Khoi should have been written Pe-Khoi, but the traditional form, coming from A. I. Schrenk and E. K. Hoffman, has established itself. For the first time this name, apparently, was witnessed by Schrenk during his famous journey to the Polar Urals in 1837.
He writes that the Samoyeds (Nenets) call the western extension of the Urals Paigoy, that is, the "Rocky Range", and the Western Samoyeds (obviously, the Kanin and Malozemelsky Nenets) Khabiygoy, that is, the "Ostyak Range", because the Ostyaks (Khanty) roam around it . Somewhat later, the name Pai-Khoi, translating it as “Stone Ridge”, is repeatedly given by Hoffmann, the leader of the North Ural expedition of 1847-1850, who, like Schrenk, personally visited these places and received first-hand information from his Nenets guides and Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsev).
How to get there
You can get to the More-Iz mountain on foot or on ATVs in summer, in winter - on snowmobiles from the village. Amderma. The journey around the base of the hill takes one day.
Mount Konstantinov Stone is considered the northern border of the region, and the Lyapin (Khulga) River is the border with the Subpolar Urals in the south. The area is about 25,000 km.
Mount Payer (1499 m)
Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Western (South) Payer (1330 m), Eastern Payer (1217 m). The highest mountain in the Polar Urals.
Mount Konstantinov stone (492 m)
Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Nerusoveyyakha River
Lyadgeyakha River
Kara River
The length is 257 km. It flows in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in the Komi Republic.
Mount Big Minisey (587 m)
Located about 40 km from the Arctic Ocean, it is the extreme point of the Ural Mountains.
Ridge Edeiny
It is the eastern spur of Pai-Khoi.
Waterfall Halmer-Yu
Threshold Big Buridan, Marble Gorge
Pai-Khoi Ridge (467 m)
The highest point of the ridge is Mount Moreiz (467 m). The highest points of Pai-Khoi are the mountains Vozai-Pai (400 m), Pense-Pai (318 m), Big Yodney (327 m) and Small Yodney (306 m)
Mount Grubeiz (1435 m)
Mount Han-mei (1333 m)
Ridge Oche-Nyrd (1338 m)
Mount Lyadgey
Mount Ngetenape (1338 m)
Climate of the Polar Urals
The climate of the Polar Urals is harsh, sharply continental; cold rainy autumn quickly gives way to winter, and a short cool spring - in summer. Usually, already in early September, the tops of the ridges are covered with a blanket of snow, and only in June the snow begins to melt in the mountains.
Winter - with heavy snowfalls, heavy snowstorms and snowstorms, long and very frosty. In December-February, on the foothill plains, the temperature sometimes drops to -50 ... -54 °, and in July it rises to + 31 °. In the mountains - on the most elevated plateaus, ridges and massifs, winter is about a month longer than on the plains; it lasts here 8-9 months, but frosts are weaker than on the plains, and rarely reach 45 °.
In anticyclonic - clear, calm and frosty - weather high in the mountains, a temperature inversion is observed, when it is 15-25 ° warmer at the top than in the river valleys and on the foothill plains. This is due to the fact that colder, and therefore denser and heavier air flows down from the mountains and stagnates in the valleys and on the plains. On the contrary, during the invasion of cyclones - with winds and snowfalls - it is warmer in the foothills than in the mountains: for every 100 m of altitude, the air temperature drops by about 0.6 °.
There is a lot of precipitation in the Polar Urals: in the mountains from 800 to 1200 mm per year, and on the western slope it is 2-3 times more than on the eastern one; on the plains, the amount of precipitation decreases to 400-600 mm, of which about half falls in winter, and the rest in spring, summer and autumn. The average annual air temperature in various regions of the Polar Urals varies from -5 to -8°. The coldest month is February. The average February temperature in the mountains and on the plains is about 19° below zero. Almost as cold in December, January and March.
The average temperature of these months is nowhere above -16°. It becomes much warmer only in April (from -8...-9° in the plains to -10...-12° in the mountains). In May, the snow begins to melt on the plains, they open up, but at night it is still frosty and the average monthly air temperature is negative (-2 ° on the plain, up to -5 ° in the mountains).
Pai-Khoi is a low mountain range that extends from the extreme northern part of the Polar Urals to the CVD and continues to the Yugorsky Shar Strait. Between Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals there are a number of intermediate heights. Pai-Khoi is over 200 km long and 200-400 m above sea level. The highest mountain is More-Iz (467 m).
In physical and geographical terms Pai Hoi occupies the left bank of the Kara River and the Yugorsky Peninsula, administratively located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Arkhangelsk Region.
A long discussion about whether Pai-Khoi is an independent ridge, a continuation of the Urals, its lateral branch, or even connected by origin with the Timan Ridge, ended only in the middle of this century. After the geological structure of Pai-Khoi and the Polar Urals was carefully studied, it turned out that these geographical areas are directly connected and Pai-Khoi should be considered a northwestern continuation of the Urals, a link, m in a single Ural-Novaya Zemlya folded region.
According to its orographic structure, Pai-Khoi is a rather complex mountainous country, consisting of several parallel mountain ranges and adjacent plateaus. This entire territory belongs to the tundra zone, among which gentle peaks rise with stony placers, and sometimes rocks. The dismemberment of Pai-Khoi and the obliteration of its forms have been repeatedly emphasized by researchers. E. K. Hoffman wrote that Pai-Khoi “has a series of unconnected, rounded and covered with turf mountains, on which stony caps are visible only in some places ...”. Pai-Khoi is described in approximately the same way by S. V. Kertselli, who pointed out that this range “does not represent a continuous mountain range”, but is a series of “separate narrow, low hillocks elongated along the line of the entire range”. The local population is well aware of the orographic dissection of Pai-Khoi. So, according to Kertselli, "reindeer hunters" distinguish Big Stone - the central part of the ridge, Small Stone (among Komi - Zola-Iz) - its extremely southern ridge, Sea Range - part of Pai-Khoi from Mount Morepai to Yugorsky Shar.
The geographical name Pai-Khoi should have been written Pe-Khoi, but the traditional form, coming from A. I. Schrenk and E. K. Hoffman, has established itself. For the first time this name, apparently, was witnessed by Schrenk during his famous trip to the Polar Urals in 1837. He writes that the Samoyeds (Nenets) call the western extension of the Urals Paigoi, that is, the “Rocky Range”, and the Western Samoyeds (obviously, Kanin and Malozemelsky Nenets) Khabiygoem, that is, the "Ostyak Range", because the Ostyaks (Khanty) roam around it.
Somewhat later, the name Pai-Khoi, translating it as “Stone Ridge”, is repeatedly given by Hoffmann, the leader of the North Ural expedition of 1847-1850, who, like Schrenk, personally visited these places and received first-hand information from his Nenets guides and Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsev).
The explanation of the name Pai-Khoi, which we find in Schrenk and Hoffmann, must be considered the only correct one: Nenets pe - “stone”, “rock”, hoi - “mountain”, “ridge”, therefore, Pai-Khoi really means in translation into Russian "Stone Ridge". The transfer of the Nenets pe to the Russian share was explained by Hoffmann, who wrote that the Nenets share is pronounced almost the same as the Russian share. Schrenk also transfers the Nenets pe to the Russian share and, in addition, notes the voicing p to b after the nasal consonant m, which appears at the place of the voiced glottal stop - Peumbay, Suvvumbay, etc.
Indeed, in the Nenets word pe, the vowel is pronounced quite close to the Russian a in combination with e, sometimes also with an overtone and. Since Pai-Khoi is covered with rocky tundra with rocks, the explanation of the oronym given by Schrenk and Hoffman satisfies all the requirements, however, another etymology has recently been proposed - "Slanting Range" taking into account the Nenets share - "curve", "oblique" (see "Dictionary of terms and other words found in Nenets geographical names"). This etymology is wrong.
Another Pae-Khoi - "Stone Ridge" (for Russians - Stone) is located in the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula. This ridge is low, but also rocky, and in some places rocky.
The oronymy of Pai-Khoi originally consisted exclusively of Nenets names, as shown in the works of A. I. Shrenk and E. K. Hoffman, as well as on the map of the famous Hungarian traveler A. Reguli, who visited the Pai-Khoi region in 1844. However, at present, the oronymic system of Pai-Khoi, reflected in cartographic sources, has changed a lot. As far back as the 19th century, the Komi-Zyryans (Izhemtsy) regularly began to graze deer in these places. Later, they constantly performed the duties of guides for topographic and geological expeditions. As a result, some Nenets names were completely or partially translated into the Komi language (cf., for example, Kuz-Iz).
Oronimy Pai-Khoi is divided into two regions: northeastern and central Pai-Khoi (north of the Oyu River) and southwestern Pai-Khoi (south of the Oyu River).
UDC 595.423-19(234.82)
THE FIRST INFORMATION ABOUT SHELL TICKS (ACARI: ORIBA-TIDA) OF THE PAI-KHOI RIDGE (YUGRA PENINSULA)
E.N. MELEKHINA, A.N. ZINOVIEV
Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar [email protected], zinov [email protected]
The studies were carried out in the northwestern part of the Yugorsky Peninsula. For the first time, data on the faunal composition of the shell mites of the Pai-Khoi Ridge have been obtained. 32 species from 19 families of oribatids were identified. An analysis of the geographical distribution of species is presented, data on the zoogeographical structure of the fauna are given. It has been established that the fauna of the oribatids of the Pai-Khoi Ridge has a typical tundra appearance. The fauna is based on species characteristic of the high latitudes of Eurasia and widespread species. The genus Pyroppia, species Hydrozetes thienemanni, Moritzoppia unicarinata clavigera, and Pyroppia lanceolata were found for the first time in the European sector of the tundra zone of Russia.
Keywords Key words: shell mites, Pai-Khoi ridge, faunistic diversity, biogeography, areaology
E.N. MELEKHINA, A.N. ZINOVYEVA. FIRST DATA ON ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) OF PAY-KHOY RIDGE (YUGOR PENINSULA)
Data on faunistic composition of oribatid mites of Pay-Khoy ridge is obtained for the first time. Researches were carried out in the northwest part of Yugor peninsula. 32 species from 19 families of oribatid mites are revealed. The analysis of geographical distribution of species was made, data on zoogeographical structure of oribatids fauna is presented. It is established that the fauna of oribatid mites of Pay-Khoy ridge has typically tundra shape. The fauna basis is made by species, characteristic for Northern latitudes of Eurasia, and widespread species. Genus Pyroppia, species Hydrozetes thienemanni, Moritzoppia unicarinata clavigera, Pyroppia lanceolata were found out for the first time in the European sector of tundra zone of Russia.
Key words: oribatid mites, Pay-Khoy ridge, faunistic diversity, biogeography, areology
Shell mites (oribatids) are one of the most numerous groups of soil invertebrates in ecosystems of high latitudes. Their role in the processes of transformation of organic residues and humus formation, biogenic circulation of substances is known. Oribatids are a convenient model group for biogeographic studies due to their high taxonomic diversity (over 10 thousand species in the world fauna) and worldwide distribution.
In the tundra zone of the European part of Russia, studies of the faunal diversity of oribatids were carried out on the Kola Peninsula, in the eastern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Polar Urals, in the mountain tundra of the Northern Urals. Until now, the taxonomic composition of armored mites in the tundras of the European North-East has been little studied. There are no data in the literature on the fauna of the oribatids of the Yugorsky Peninsula.
The Pai-Khoi Ridge is a system of rocky ridges and hills crossing the Yugorsky Peninsula from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait, part of the ridge is located on Vaigach Island. To Karsky
By the sea, the ridge passes into the marshy Prikarskaya lowland. The length of the ridge is over 200 km, the highest height is 423 m above sea level. m. (Moreiz). The climate is subarctic. Winter lasts up to 230 days. The average annual air temperature is -9°С, the average temperature in January is -20С, in July +6С. In some years, the air temperature in summer can rise to +30°C, in winter it can drop to -40°C. Annual precipitation reaches 700 mm with a minimum in February and a maximum in August-September. The Pai-Khoi Ridge and adjacent territories are located in the area of continuous distribution of permafrost, the temperature of which varies from -5°C to -2°C. Tundra soils are gley typical, soils of patches and soils of hillocks are gley and gleyic dry peat. The soils of the mountainous areas are primitive rubble and humus-gravel, rock outcrops are noted. The study area belongs to the subzones of the northern and mountain tundra. The northern tundras are represented by shrub-grass-moss and shrub-lichen associations with the dominance of arctic species with a significant
participation of hypoarctic species. In the valleys of rivers and streams there are willows and meadows with abundant herbs and cereals. Mountain tundras are represented mainly by sedge-lichen associations and creeping shrubs of willow and dwarf birch.
Material and methods
The material was collected by A.N. Zinovieva in July-August 2010 in the vicinity of the town of Malaya Padea of the Pai-Khoi ridge. Coordinates: from 69°00"59.0" to 69°03"58.5" N, from 62°08"20.3" to 62°09"49.1" E (drawing). The samples were taken in seven zonal communities of mountain and plain tundra and in one intrazonal community (Table 1). Five soil samples of 100 cm2 in size were taken in each community.
Three sections of the mountain tundra on the southwestern slope of Malaya Padea Mountain were examined in three plant communities at an altitude of 298-320 m. Low-growing, plant height reaches 10 cm; up to 25% of the area is occupied by kurumniks. Salix pitty Nana Anderss., Festuca ovina L., Dicranum sp., Polluum sp., lichens of the genus
Cladonia. II - moss-lichen-shrub community. Low-growing, plant height reaches 20 cm; heaving mounds make up 5%, the rest of the area is dominated by Salix nummullaria Anderss., Carex arctisibirica (Jurtz.) Czer., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al., Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr .) Flot., C. rangiferina (L.) Web. III - cloudberry-sphagic-new community. Closed, occurs locally, the height of vegetation with a thick moss cover reaches 20 cm. Rubus damaemorus L., Sphagnum sp.
In the flat tundra, the material was collected in four plant communities located at an altitude of 189–196 m above sea level. m. IV - horsetail-moss stunted willow. Plant height reaches 50 cm, dominated by Salix glauca L., S. lanata
L., Equisetum arvense L., Hylocomium spleendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al., lichens of the genus Peltigera are rare. V - rare-willow-lichen-moss-sedge community. Polydominant, with little coverage of the following species: Salix glauca L., S. nummullaria Anderss., Carex arctisibirica (Jurtz.) Czer., Festuca ovina L., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al., Polytrichum sp. The projective cover of lichens reaches 25%; Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. and species of the genus Cladonia. VI - waterlogged forb-moss community. Closed, vegetation height 20 cm; Carex rariflora (Wahl.) Smith., Saxifraga foliolosa R. Br., Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe., Sphagnum sp., Polytrichum sp. dominate; Peltigera is abundant among lichens. VII - sedge moss community. Closed, vegetation height reaches 20 cm. Carex arctisibirica (Jurtz.) Czer., Salix reticulata L., S. nummullaria Anderss., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al. dominate, Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) is abundant among lichens. Schaer.
The intrazonal community, a herbaceous meadow (VIII), was located on the bank of a stream. The community is closed, the height of the vegetation
Rice. Map-scheme of the study area.
Table 1
Species Composition of Armored Mites in the Surveyed Plant Communities
Taxon Mountain tundra Plain tundra Intrazonal
I 1 II 1 III IV 1 V | VI 1 VII VIII
Liochthonius lapponicus + + + + - + - -
Heminothrus punctatus - - + - - + + -
Camisia horrida - + - + + - + -
C. biurus - - - - - - + -
Nothrus borussicus + - - - - - - -
Hermannia reticulata - + - - + - - -
Belba compta + - - - - - - -
Ceratoppia bipilis - + + + + + + -
C. sphaerica - + + + + - + -
Pyroppia lanceolata - + + - - - - -
Adoristes poppei + - - + - - - -
Tectocepheus velatus + + + + + + + +
Carabodes subarcticus + - + - - + - -
C. marginatus + - - - - - - +
Moritzoppia neerlandica + + + + + + + -
M. unicarinata clavigera + - - + + + + -
Oppiella nova - + + + - + - +
Suctobelbella acutidens + - - - - - + -
S. hammeri - - + - + - + -
Quadroppia quadricarinata - + - - + + - -
Banksinoma setosa - - - - - - - +
Hydrozetes thienemanni - - - - - + - -
Scheloribates laevigatus - + - + + + + +
Oribatula exilis - + + + - - - +
O. tibialis + - - - + + - -
Ceratozetes gracilis - + - - - - - -
Edwardzetes edwardsi - + - + - - - -
Melanozetes mollicomus - + + + - + + -
Murcia nova - + + - + - - -
Diapterobates notatus - + + - + - - -
Svalbardia paludicola - - + - - + - -
Minunthozetes pseudofusiger - - - - - - - +
Total species 12 17 15 13 13 14 12 7
Plant communities: I - moss-lichen-forb-shrub, II - moss-lichen-shrub, III - cloudberry-sphagnum, IV - horsetail-moss stunted willow, V-rare-willow-lichen-moss-sedge, VI - forb-moss waterlogged, VII - sedge-moss, VIII - forb-grass meadow on the bank of the stream.
its cover reaches 40 cm, Carex aquatilis Wahlenb dominates. and Poa pratensis L.
The forcing of animals was carried out on thermoelectors for seven to ten days, depending on the moisture content of the substrate. A total of 8154 armored mites were obtained.
An analysis was made of the distribution of the discovered species in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic: in Northern Scandinavia (alpine wastelands of Kevo station, Finland), on archipelagos and islands: Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Kolguev, Vaygach, Severnaya Zemlya, Novosibirsk, Wrangel Islands, va Diomeda, in the tundra zone of the Kola Peninsula, the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Polar Urals, in the mountain tundra of the Northern Urals, in northern Siberia and Far East(Yamal, Gydan Peninsula, Taimyr, Chukotka), in the high and low Arctic of North America.
Longitudinal distribution types of species are named based on data from L. subias. The types of latitudinal distribution of species were determined using regional catalogs in accordance with the classification of K.B. Gorodkova. The oribatid system is given by L. Subias. When characterizing the structure of the population of shell mites, species with a relative abundance of more than 10% were called dominant, and 5.0–9.9% were called subdominant.
When describing plant communities, the names of vascular plants are given according to S.K. Cherepanov, mosses - according to M.S. Ignatov, O.M. Afonina, lichens - according to A.V. Dombrowskaya.
Results and discussion
In the surveyed plant communities of the Pai-Khoi Ridge, 32 species of shell mites from 19 families were found. Largest number species were noted for the families Ceratozetidae (four), Camisiidae, Ceratoppiidae, Oppiidae (three species each), other families are represented by one or two species each (Table 2).
Holarctic, Palearctic, cosmopolitan and semi-cosmopolitan species are distinguished according to the type of longitudinal distribution. Holarctic species prevailed in number (75.0%). The leading role of Holarctic species in the structure of the oribatid fauna was noted by us earlier for the tundra zone of the European part of Russia as a whole. Some species widely distributed in the Holarctic (Quadroppia quadricarinata, Oribatula exilis, Oribatula tibialis) occur in a number of regions outside the Holarctic. The Palearctic group includes four species (12.5%). The proportion of widespread species - cosmopolitan and semi-cosmopolitan (Tectocepheus velatus, Oppiella nova, Ceratozetes gracilis, Scheloribates laevigatus) was 12.5%.
A significant number of discovered species (20, or 62.5%) are circumpolar, they are found in the high latitudes of both the Palearctic and the Nearctic - in Alaska, Yukon, and Greenland. These include Liochthonius lappo-
nicus, Nothrus borussicus, Camisia horrida, C. biurus, Heminothrus punctatus, Hermannia reticulata, Ceratoppia bipilis, C. sphaerica, Moritzoppia neerlandica, M. unicarinata clavigera, Suctobelbella acutidens, S. hammeri, Q. quadricarinata, O. tibialis, Melanozetes mollicomus, Diapterobates notatus, Svalbardia paludicola, as well as the cosmopolitans T. velatus, O. nova, C. gracilis.
Species with polyzonal, temperate, arctic-boreal and arctic types of latitudinal distribution were identified in the composition of the fauna of shell mites of the Paikoi Ridge. The only arctic species found is S. paludicola, whose range covers the continental tundra and arctic islands. Previously, we attributed this species to the arcto-boreal group, taking into account the find outside the tundra zone - in Transbaikalia. For the main part of its range, S. paludicola should be considered an arctic species. It has a circumpolar distribution, present in Greenland, Alaska, Yukon. S. paludicola is the only arctic species found in the tundra zone of European Russia and has been recorded from the Kola Peninsula and the Polar Urals.
On Paijo, as well as in the European sector of the tundra zone as a whole, no hypoarctic species were found, the range of which occupies the subzone of the southern tundra, the forest tundra and the extreme northern taiga. The European sector is characterized by the paucity of the complex of arcto-boreal species, which we noted earlier. Seven arcto-boreal species of H. punctatus, C. sphaerica, H. reticulata, D. notatus, M. unicarinata clavigera, Pyroppia lanceolata, and Banksinoma setosa were found on Paijoi. The species D. notatus is ubiquitous on the Arctic islands and archipelagos, the tundra zone, and widely occupies the taiga zone of Eurasia. The species H. punctatus was also quite often noted in the taiga zone. C. sphaerica and H. reticulata gravitate towards high latitudes; most of these species were found in the Arctic; they are less common in the taiga zone. Some arcto-boreal species are present in the Palearctic mountain systems: D. notatus in Altai, C. sphaerica in the Tien Shan, M. unicarinata clavigera and P. lanceolata in the Caucasus.
The ranges of most species cover several natural zones and belong to the polyzonal and temperate types. The group with a temperate type of distribution includes seven species (21.9%): L. lapponicus, Edwardzetes edwardsi, Carabodes marginatus, Carabodes subarctisus, M. mollicomus, M. neerlandica, Hydrozetes thienemanni. They are often found in the arcto-boreal region. For most of them, we can talk about the location of the main part of the range in the arctic-boreal (L. lapponicus, E. edwardsi, M. neerlandica) or boreal (M. mollicomus, C. subarctisus) areas.
Polyzonal species prevailed in the collections by number (53.1%). According to the nature of distribution in the high latitudes of Eurasia, they can be divided into three groups. The first group consists of species that are present in most of the known faunas of both the continental tundra and the Arctic
table 2
Taxonomic Composition and Distribution of Armored Ticks of the Pai-Khoi Ridge
Distribution type
Brachichthoniidae Thor, 19-4 Liochthonius (Liochthonius) lapponicus (Tragardh, 1910)
Northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, Kola Peninsula, Holarctic.
Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Taimyr, Chukotka Temperature.
Camisiidae Oudemans, 1900
2 Heminothrus (Platynothrus) punct-
tatus (L. Koch, 1B79)
3 Camisia (Camisia) horrida (Koch,
4 Camisia (C.) biurus (Koch, 1VE9)
Nothridae Berlese, 1B96
5 Nothrus borussicus Sellnick, 192V
Hermanniidae Sellnick, 192B Hermannia (Heterohermannia) reticulata Thorell, 1B71
Damaeidae Berlese, 1B96 Belba (Belba) compta (Kulczynski, 1902)
Ceratoppiidae Kunst, 1971 Ceratoppia bipilis (Hermann, 1B04)
C. sphaerica (L. Koch, 1B79)
10 Pyroppia lanceolata Hammer, 1955
Liacaridae Sellnick, 192B
11 Adoristes poppei (Oudemans,
Tectocepheidae Grandjean, 1954
12 Tectocepheus velatus (Michael, 1BB0)
Carabodidae Koch, 1VE7
13 Carabodes (Carabodes) marginatus (Michael, 1BB4)
14 C. (C.) subarcticus Tragardh, 1902
Oppiidae Sellnick, 19E7
15 Moritzoppia (Moritzoppiella) neer-landica (Oudemans, 1900)
17 M. (Moritzoppia) unicarinata clavigera (Hammer, 1952)
16 Oppiella (Oppiella) nova (Oudemans, 1902)
Suctobelbidae Jacot, 19EV
1B Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) acu-
tidens (Forsslund, 1941)
19 S. (S.) hammerae (Krivolutsky, 1965)
Quadroppiidae Balogh, 19BE
20 Quadroppia (Quadroppia) quadri-carinata (Michael, 1BB5)
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Kolguev, Vaigach, Kola Peninsula, Holarctic.
Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka Svalbard, Polar Urals, Northern Urals
Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Northern Urals
arcto-boreal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Northern Scandinavia, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya Holarctic. tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals, Yamal, Chukotka Polyzonal.
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach, Kola Peninsula, Chukotka
Kola Peninsula
Svalbard, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals, Yamal, Gydan Peninsula, Taimyr, Chukotka
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Wrangel, Diomede Islands, Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Yamal, Gydan Peninsula, Taimyr Chukotka
Northern Scandinavia, Kola Peninsula
Northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Kolguev, Vaigach, Novosibirsk, Wrangel, Diomede Islands, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals, Taimyr, Chukotka
Northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra Northern Scandinavia, Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Northern Urals
Svalbard, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals, Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka Taimyr, Chukotka
Northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Wrangel, Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Chukotka
Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals
Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Severnaya Zemlya, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals
Holarctic.
arcto-boreal.
Palearctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
arcto-boreal.
Holarctic.
arcto-boreal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Cosmopolitan.
Polyzonal.
Palearctic.
temperature.
Palearctic.
temperature.
Holarctic.
temperature.
Holarctic.
arcto-boreal.
Cosmopolitan. Poly-
zonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
The end of the table. 2
Distribution in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic
Distribution type
Thyrisomidae Grandjean, 195E
21 Banksinoma setosa Rjabinin, 1974
Hydrozetidae Grandjean, 1954
22 Hydrozetes (Heloribates) thiene-manni Strenzke, 194E
Scheloribatidae Jacot, 19E5
23 Scheloribates (Scheloribates) laevi-gatus (Koch, 1VE5)
Oribatulidae Thor, 1929
24 Oribatula (Zygoribatula) exilis (Nicolet, 1B55)
25 O. (Oribatula) tibialis (Nicolet, 1B55)
Ceratozetidae Jacot, 1925
26 Ceratozetes (Ceratozetes) gracilis (Michael, 1BB4)
27 Edwardzetes (Edwardzetes) ed-wardsi (Nicolet, 1B55)
2B Melanozetes mollicomus (Koch,
29 Murcia nova Sellnick, 192V
Kola Peninsula, Northern Urals
Kola Peninsula, Northern Urals
Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Wrangel, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals, Taimyr Northern Scandinavia, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Northern Urals , Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka
Kola Peninsula
Svalbard, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra
Northern Scandinavia, Kola Peninsula, Northern Urals, Taimyr
Svalbard, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals
Holarctic.
arcto-boreal.
Holarctic.
temperature.
Semi-cosmopolitan.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Cosmopolitan.
Polyzonal.
Holarctic.
temperature.
Holarctic.
temperature.
Holarctic.
Polyzonal.
Humerobatidae Grandjean, 1970
30 Diapterobates notatus (Thorell, 1B71)
E1 Svalbardia paludicola Thor, 19E0
Punctoribatidae Thor, 19E7
E2 Minunthozetes pseudofusiger (Schweizer, 1922)
Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Kolguev, Vaigach, Severnaya Zemlya, Novosibirsk Islands, Diomede Islands, Kola Peninsula, Yamal, Gydan Peninsula, Taimyr, Chukotka
Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Kola Peninsula, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Polar Urals, Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka
Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Kola Peninsula
Holarctic,
arcto-boreal.
Holarctic.
Arctic.
Palearctic.
Polyzonal.
islands, these are C. horrida, S. acutidens, S. hammeri, C. bipilis. They also include the widespread species O. tibialis, O. exilis, Q. quadricarinata and the cosmopolitans T. velatus, O. nova. The second includes species that have not been recorded on the Arctic islands, but are quite common in the continental tundra (C. biurus, N. borussicus). The third group is represented by species whose main range is located at lower latitudes. Thus, the main range of Adoristes poppei is located in the forest zone (boreal and deciduous forests). The distribution of this species in the tundra zone of the Palaearctic is limited to the European sector: in addition to Paijoya, the species has been recorded on the Kola Peninsula, in the alpine wastelands of Finland. The species C. gracilis is classified as a cosmopolitan. It occupies the taiga zone of Eurasia everywhere; it is not widely distributed in the tundra zone; was previously found only on the Kola Peninsula.
The Holarctic temperate species H. thienemanni was found for the first time in the European sector of the tundra zone. In the European part of Russia, it is distributed in taiga and coniferous-broad-leaved forests, noted in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic. In the tundra zone of Eurasia, H. thienemanni was found earlier, according to L.G. Grishina, in Chukotka. Other sources do not confirm the presence of the species in Chukotka.
The genus Pyroppia and the Holarctic species P. lanceolata from the family Ceratoppiidae turned out to be new for the European sector of the tundra zone. ON THE. Ryabinin classifies it as a species with Beringian connections. The species is distributed in Alaska, Yukon, in the tundra soils of Chukotka, found in the Caucasus. The family Ceratoppiidae is characteristic of the high latitudes of Eurasia; in the European sector of the tundra zone, species of the genus Ceratoppia are common: C. sphaerica, C. bipilis, C. quadridentata; C. sphaerica and C. bipilis were found on Paijoi.
In the north of the European part of Russia, the Holarctic species M. unica-rinata clavigera was first recorded, which was previously recorded in Finland, the Caucasus, the taiga and forest-tundra of Siberia (Tyumen, Northern Evenkia, Labytnangi), Taimyr, Chukotka, Alaska, Yukon, in Greenland.
The finding of the Holarctic species B. setosa on the Yugorsky Peninsula expands our knowledge about the boundaries of the range of this species. According to the currently available data, it is classified by us as an arcto-boreal species. The range of B. setosa in the Palearctic has a significant disjunction in Siberia. In the Far East, this species was registered in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Kuril Islands, the Commander Islands. In the European part of Russia, found in the middle taiga on the territory of the Komi Republic, the mountain-tundra belt of the Northern Urals, the tundra zone of the Kola Peninsula, where it was found in the plumage of birds.
With other faunas of the European sector of the Arctic, the oribatid fauna of Paijoya is united by both arcto-boreal and polyzonal and temperate species of the "northern" complex. Shared with
O. Vaigach and arch. Novaya Zemlya are arcto-boreal H. punctatus, H. reticulata, C. sphaerica, D. notatus, polyzonal Minunthozetes pseudo-fusiger and widespread species Q. quadri-carinata, O. tibialis, T. velatus, O. nova. Novaya Zemlya also has an arctic species found on Pai-Khoi, S. paludicola. In total, out of 32 species found on Pai-Khoi, nine were recorded on Vaigach Island, for which 25 species of oribatids are known. Common with the fauna of Novaya Zemlya (60 species are known) were 14 species of shell mites (43.7%). The arctic and four arcto-boreal species (H. punctatus, H. reticulata, C. sphaerica, D. notatus) found on Pai-Khoi are present in the fauna of Svalbard.
The fauna of the Pai-Khoi Ridge is united with the fauna of the Polar Urals by 16 species (50%). These are the arctic species S. paludicola, arcto-boreal C. sphaerica, temperate C. subarcticus, M. neer-landica, polyzonal species C. horrida, C. biurus, N. borussicus, C. bipilis, S. acutidens, S. hammeri , widespread Q. quadricarinata, O. tibialis, O. exilis, and cosmopolitans T. velatus, O. nova. Also among the species common with the Polar Urals is Murcia nova, which is present in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, on Svalbard.
Nine species of oribatids (28.1%) found on Pai-Khoi are listed for the alpine wastelands of Finland. These are species of the “northern” complex L. lapponicus, N. borussicus, C. subarcticus, C. marginatus, M. mollicomus, widespread T. velatus, O. nova, O. tibialis, and A. poppei, which is rarely found in tundra zone.
Thus, the commonality of the fauna of the shell mites of the Pai-Khoi Ridge with the fauna of the Arctic islands and archipelagos is largely determined by the arcto-boreal species, and with the mainland tundra fauna, by the polyzonal and temperate species characteristic of the high latitudes of Eurasia.
Data were obtained on the species composition of armored mites in eight plant communities (Table 1). The abundance values of oribatids were 15000 - 43840 ind./m2 in mountain tundra communities, 8500 - 38920 - flat tundra, 8950 - in the intrazonal community. The most numerous species in the collections were T. velatus, M. neer-landica, M. unicarinata clavigera, D. notatus, H. punctatus, M. mollicomus, S. laevigatus. In mountain tundra communities, the dominants were: T. velatus (37.5% in the moss-lichen-shrub community), M. neerlandica (33.0% in the cloudberry-sphagnum community), D. notatus (20 .9% in the cloudberry-sphagnum community), M. mollicomus (11.7% in the moss-lichen-shrub community); subdominants - H. punctatus and L. lapponicus (9.1 and 7.3%, respectively, in the cloudberry-sphagnum community). The plain tundra was dominated by M. unicarinata clavigera (from 35.5 to 84.5%), H. punctatus (39.4% in the waterlogged forb-moss community), S. laevigatus (14.6% in the horsetail-moss undersized willow); H. reticulata were subdominant (9.8% in rare willow-lichen-moss-sedge community).
ve) and T. velatus (from 6.7 to 9.9%). Euribiont species T. velatus, O. nova, and S. laevigatus were the most abundant in the intrazonal community.
Some species of the dominant and subdominant complexes were numerous in other faunas of the tundra zone. Thus, the species T. velatus and M. neerlandica belonged to the group of subdominants in collections from the Polar Urals. A high abundance of T. velatus (about 50%) was noted in the shrub-lichen and stony-lichen tundra of the Northern Urals. In the alpine heaths of Finland, among others, T. velatus and M. mollicomus were the most abundant species. In the dwarf birch and shrub-lichen mountain tundras of the Northern Urals, C. subarcticus, which was not very abundant in collections from Pai-Khoi, was the dominant core.
Only in the mountain tundra (moss-lichen-forb-shrub) N. borussicus and Belba compta were found in small numbers. The species H. thienemanni was found only in a waterlogged mossy forb community located in a relief depression. This is a hydrobiont species; in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, it was an inhabitant of raised bogs. Most individuals of H. reticulata were found in the rare willow-lichen-moss-sedge community of the plain tundra. Also, this species was found in the moss-lichen-shrub community of the mountain tundra. Greater number individuals of C. sphaerica and C. bipilis were found in the mountain tundra. B. setosa was found in small numbers only in the intrazonal community. In the European North, this species prefers waterlogged habitats: in the Northern Urals, it lived in a swampy grassy-moss tundra, where it was a member of the subdominant group, in the middle taiga subzone it was found on raised bogs. The species H. punctatus was confined to the cloudberry-sphagnum community of the mountain tundra.
Conclusion
The presence of an indicator complex of species characteristic of the Eurasian tundra zone: arctic S. paludicola, arctic-boreal D. notatus, C. sphaerica, H. reticulata, H. punctatus, temperate L. lapponicus, M. neerlandica, E. edwardsi, polyzonal C. horrida, S. hammeri, and C. eipilis, makes it possible to identify the fauna of shell mites of the Pai-Khoi Ridge as typically tundra. The obtained data expand knowledge about the boundaries of the ranges of some species. For the first time in the European sector of the tundra zone, the genus Pyroppia, species H. thiene-manni, M. unicarinata clavigera, and P. lanceolata were found. The dominant species in the collections were T. velatus, M. neer-landica, M. clavigera, D. notatus, H. punctatus, M. mollicomus, S. laevigatus. The faunistic list of testa mites of the Pai-Khoi Ridge discussed in this paper cannot be considered complete. Further research is needed in this region.
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the staff of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ph.D. HER. Kulyugina for the geobotanical characterization of plant communities, E.G. Madi for assistance in preparing the map, Ph.D. A.G. Tatarinov for valuable advice.
Field studies were carried out within the framework of the project "Development of the concept of creating an Atlas of the natural heritage of the Urals" No. 09-M-45-2002.
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Pai Hoi- an old, heavily destroyed mountain range in the center of the Yugra Peninsula. The rocky ridges and hills that form it stretch for about 200 km from the northern part of the Polar Urals to the Yugorsky Shar Strait, and their continuation can be traced on Vaigach Island, which separates the Barents and Kara Seas. Pai-Khoi is located in the extreme north-east of the European part of Russia. To the west and southwest of it stretches the Pechora Lowland and the Korotaikha River flows, to the southeast and east are the western slopes of the Polar Urals and the lower reaches of the Kara River, and to the north lies the Kara Sea. The highest point of the ridge is Mount Moreiz (Vesei-Pe) (423 m above sea level), which is the highest point on the surface of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Pai-Khoi is composed of siliceous and clayey shales, limestones, sandstones. The ridge does not form a continuous mountain range and consists of a number of isolated hills. At the same time, the western slope of Pai-Khoi is relatively short, and the eastern one is gentle, descending to the Kara Sea in wide sea terraces.
