Listening to the song of the notorious pagan metal band Arkona, I perceive the exclamation “goy, Rode, goy” in two ways: both as an appeal “hear me”, and as something like “glory to Thee, Rode!”. And I decided that it would be useful to study the origin of the exclamation "goy" in more detail.

Nowadays, most people know the word "goy" only in conjunction with "oh you, goy, good fellow." If everything is easy with "thou" - "you are" (analogues in the living Slavic languages- Polish jesteś, Serbian jesi), then "goy" even in this frequent epic phrase remains a mystery, is perceived mainly as an interjection. Dahl defines it as "a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge."

Let's try to understand with the help of etymology. Scientists-etymologists in an attempt to interpret this mysterious "goy" are repelled by the word "outcast". What it means now is known to everyone: one who is rejected by the social environment or has broken with it; one who, for some quality or property, does not suit anyone, does not correspond to anything (Efremova's dictionary). In the same dictionary we find the first meaning of this word: “one who has left his former social state” (in Ancient Russia- a serf who ransomed to freedom, a ruined merchant, etc.). Fasmer's dictionary gives an even earlier meaning - "survived from the family, not cared for."

The word "outcast" comes from the prefixed verb "outcast" - to survive from the family. The verb itself is formed from another - “goiti” (Old Russian “to live”), which goes back to the Proto-Slavic form *gojiti, which, in turn, is the morphological causative of the verb *ziti. Both verbs go back to the Indo-European root *gi- "to live".

To the ear, "goiti" and "zhiti" are different, but their relationship can be seen through semantics. Here are a few examples from historical dictionaries: goit - "give life, arrange, shelter", kill, goof - "heal", goit - "heal" (about a wound). The relationship of the verbs is also confirmed by the materials of the living Slavic languages: the Serbian "gojiti" - to fatten, the Bulgarian "goya" with the same meaning, the Polish "goić" - to heal, to heal. This verb developed from Indo-European to Old Slavonic as follows: *gi- "to live" → *goio "life" → Slav. gojь → gojiti.

Based on this, it can be assumed that "goy" means "one's own person, representative of the family", "healthy, living person". But in relation to the Gods, this is still a doxology and my second intuitive understanding of the line from the song is more correct. What do you think?

Etymological research was prepared by Cheslava

Literature:

• Mullagalieva A.G. Notes on the etymology of words with the root *gi- (words outcast and nut in Russian and other Slavic languages) / A.G. Mullagalieva // II International Baudouin Readings: Kazan Linguistic School: Traditions and Modernity (Kazan, December 11-13, 2003) .): Proceedings and materials: In 2 volumes / Under the general. ed. K.R. Galiullina, G.A. Nikolaeva. - Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan. un-ta, 2003.– T. 2.
• Fasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes: Per. from German-M.: Azbuka-Terra, 1996.- Vol.1.
• Skok, Petar. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga or srpskoga jezika./ Jugoslavenska Akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. - Zagreb, 1971 - Knjiga 1.

We composed our song about you,

About your beloved oprichnik

Yes, about a brave merchant, about Kalashnikov;

We folded it in the old fashion,

We sang it to the harp

And they read and ordered.

The Orthodox people were amused by it,

And the boyar Matvey Romodanovsky

We brought a cup of foamy honey,

And his noblewoman is white-faced

Brought to us on a silver platter

The towel is new, embroidered with silk.

They treated us for three days, three nights,

And everyone listened - they did not hear enough.

H the red sun shines in the sky,

Blue clouds do not admire them:

Then at the meal he sits in a golden crown,

The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.

Behind him are the attendants,

Opposite him are all boyars and princes,

On the sides of him are all guardsmen;

And the king feasts to the glory of God,

For your pleasure and fun.

Russian State

children's library

Smiling, the king commanded then

Wines of sweet overseas

Pour into your gilded ladle

And bring it to the guardsmen.

And everyone drank, they praised the king.

Only one of them, from the guardsmen,

A daring fighter, a violent fellow,

He did not wet his mustache in the golden ladle;

He lowered his dark eyes into the ground,

He put his head down on his broad chest, -

And there was a strong thought in his chest.

Here the king frowned black eyebrows

And he fixed his eyes on him,

Like a hawk looked down from heaven

On a young gray-winged dove, -

Yes, the young fighter did not raise his eyes.

Here the king hit the ground with a stick,

And an oak floor half a quarter

He struck with an iron tip, -

Yes, the young fighter did not flinch.

Here the king said a terrible word, -

And then the good fellow woke up.

“Hey you, our faithful servant, Kiribeevich,

Al did you hold an unholy thought?

Are you jealous of our glory?

Ali service you honest bored?

When the moon rises, the stars rejoice

What is brighter for them to walk in the sky;

And which is hiding in a cloud,

She falls headlong to the ground...

It's indecent to you, Kiribeevich,

To abhor royal joy; -

And you are from the Skuratov family,

And you are fed by the family of Malyutina! .. "

Answers so Kiribeevich,

Bowing to the terrible king from the waist:

“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!

Do not reproach an unworthy slave:

Do not fill a hot heart with wine,

The black thought - do not regale!

And I angered you - the will of the king:

Order to execute, cut off the head;

She burdens the shoulders of the heroic

And she herself tends to the damp earth.

And Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich said to him:

“Yes, what would you, well done, spin?

Is your brocade caftan frayed?

Is the sable hat wrinkled?

Is your treasury running out?

Or is the tempered saber serrated?

Or the badly forged horse limped?

Or knocked you down in a fistfight,

On the Moscow River, merchant's son?

Answers so Kiribeevich,

Shaking his curly head:

“That bewitched hand was not born

Neither in the boyar family, nor in the merchant;

Argamak "my steppe walks merrily;

Like glass, a sharp saber burns;

And on a holiday by your grace

We dress up like no other.

How do I sit down and ride a dashing horse

Ride across the Moscow River

I pull myself up with a silk sash,

I will break my velvet hat on the side,

trimmed with black sable, -

At the gate they stand at the boards

Red girls and young women

And admire, looking, whispering;

Only one does not look, does not admire,

Striped veil "closes ...

In holy Russia, our mother,

Do not find, do not find such a beauty:

Walks smoothly - like a swan,

Looks sweet - like a dove,

Says the word - the nightingale sings,

Her cheeks are rosy,

Like the dawn in God's heaven;

Braids are blond, golden,

In bright braided ribbons,

Running over the shoulders, squirming,

They kiss with white breasts.

In the family she was born a merchant, -

Nicknamed Alena Dmitrevna.

When I see her, I'm not myself:

Strong hands fall

Lively eyes are darkened;

I'm bored, sad, Orthodox tsar,

To toil alone in the world.

Horses made me sick of lungs,

Brocade outfits are disgusting,

And I do not need a golden treasury:

With whom will I share my treasury now?

To whom shall I show my prowess?

To whom will I show off my outfit?

Let me go to the Volga steppes,

For a free life, for a Cossack.

I'll put my wild head there

And I will lay down a busurman spear;

And they will divide by themselves the evils of the Tatars

Good horse, sharp saber

And the old Cherkassy saddle.

The kite pecks out my tearful eyes,

The rain will wash my orphan bones,

And without a funeral miserable ashes

It will scatter on four sides! .. "

And Ivan Vasilyevich said, laughing:

“Well, my faithful servant! I am your trouble

I will try to help your grief.

Here, take the ring, you are my yacht

Yes, take a pearl necklace.

Bow before the smart matchmaker

And sent precious gifts

You to your Alena Dmitrevna:

As you fall in love - celebrate the wedding,

If you don't love it, don't be angry."

Oh, you are a goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!

Your crafty servant deceived you,

Didn't tell you the truth

I did not tell you that the beauty

In the church of God remarried,

Married to a young merchant

According to our Christian law...

Hey, guys, sing - just build a harp!

Hey guys, drink - understand the matter!

Amuse you good boyar

And his white-faced noblewoman!

Behind the counter sits a young merchant,

Stately fellow Stepan Paramonovich,

Nicknamed Kalashnikov;

She lays out silk goods,

With an affectionate speech, he lures guests,

Gold, silver counts.

Yes, an unkind day asked him:

The rich walk past the bar

Do not look into his shop.

Vespers rang in the holy churches;

Behind the Kremlin, a foggy dawn burns;

Clouds run into the sky

The blizzard drives them singing;

The wide living yard was empty.

Stepan Paramonovich locks

Your shop with an oak door

Yes, a German lock with a spring;

Evil dog grumbler toothy

Tied to an iron chain

And he went home thinking

To the young hostess across the Moscow River.

And he comes to his high house,

And Stepan Paramonovich marvels:

His young wife does not meet him,

The oak table is not covered with a white tablecloth,

And the candle in front of the image barely flickers.

And he calls to the old worker:

“You say, say, Eremeevna,

And where did it go, hid

At such a late hour Alena Dmitrevna?

And what about my dear children -

Tea, ran, played,

In our section "Reading Russian classics ..." we will answer the following question: what is GOY ESI, which is found in M.Yu. Lermontov in "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov"?

First of all, I want to recall the beginning of this song:

Oh you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich!
We composed our song about you,
About your beloved oprichnik,
Yes, about a brave merchant, about Kalashnikov;
We folded it in the old fashion,
We sang it to the harp
And they read and ordered.
The Orthodox people were amused by it,
And the boyar Matvey Romodanovsky
He brought us a cup of foamy honey,
And his noblewoman is white-faced
Brought to us on a silver platter
The towel is new, embroidered with silk.
They treated us for three days, three nights
And everyone listened - they did not hear enough.

As you can see, Lermontov writes his work, stylizing it as a historical song. It is known that in some works of oral folk art, namely, in epics and in historical songs, this beginning is very often found: goy! It is nothing more than an appeal and corresponds to the word hello . For example, we find such an appeal in a spiritual verse "Forty kalik with kalik", which is also called the epic. It tells about the PASSING KALIKI, ancient Russian pilgrims who came to bow to Prince Vladimir:

Barely awakened Prince Vladimer,
I looked at the remote good fellows,
One bowed to him,
Grand Duke Vladimir
They ask him for a bright alms,
And what would the good souls save.
The affectionate Prince Vladimer answers them:
- Goy you are, kaliki crossing! ..

The meaning of these two words is GOY ESI- correspond exactly to the modern word HELLO, HELLO, which we now use as a simple greeting, without investing in it the original meaning, namely, the wishes of health.

Exactly the same greeting was in the Old Russian language and the expression GOY ESI, in which the word ESI - this is the form of the 2nd person singular of the verb lost by the Russian language TO BE in present time. And the word GOY is a frozen form of another verb - GOIT, GOIT, What means "to live, to live ".
Incidentally, the words LIVE and GO are historically related, they have the same root. A modern Russian person here may be confused by the fact that these words sound differently. Before us is an example of the historical alternation of consonants G and J. Exactly the same alternation we meet, for example, in the words - leg and leg,
city and pole, head and nodule. Once again, we note that the word GOY - is a frozen form of the imperative from the verb GOIT . Neither the verb itself nor this form of it has been preserved in the Russian literary language. But it is in other Slavic languages, as well as in many Russian folk dialects. So, for example, I had to write it down in Vologda dialects, or rather, in the village of Ferapontovo, however, in a slightly different meaning: GOIT - means "to clean, put something in order, put things in order, put away."

And I would also like to say that this old greeting is found in many works of Russian literature of the 19th century. And it is used by our Russian writers not only as an appeal, but also as an appeal. We have already seen an example from Songs about the merchant Kalashnikov Lermonatov. Here is an example from the poem A.V. Koltsova (longing for will):

Goy you, the power of the bottom,
I demand service from you!

We find another example in the work A.K. Tolstoy (Mother Truth):

Oh you goy thou true mother,
You are great, indeed, you stand wide!

And here is an example from the Song of St. Razine A.S. Pushkin:

As the formidable Stenka Razin said:
Oh you goy thou, Volga, dear mother!
From stupid years you raised me.

And finally, let's give another example - from a poem A.S. Khomyakova "Russian song", which is a pastiche of a historical song. And it tells about the time of Prince Vladimir the Baptist, that is, about the 10th century. Here is the beginning of this song:

goy red is the land of Volodymyr!
There are many villages in you, big cities,
There are a lot of Orthodox people in you!
In the blue of the mountain you rest,
You bathe in the blue sea
You are not afraid of a fierce enemy,
And you are only afraid of the wrath of God.
goy red is the land of Volodymyr!
My great-grandfathers served you
Peace-mind calmed,
Your cities have been adorned
The fierce enemy has been moved aside+

This "Russian song" Khomyakov to some extent, one might say, inspired by another work of the late 13th (or early 14th) century ( Word about the death of the Russian land), which tells about the wealth and beauty of our land:

O light-bright and beautifully decorated land of Ruska,
And then all her wealth is listed:
Numerous lakes and locally revered wells,
The mountains are steep, the hills are high, the oak forests are clean, the fields are marvelous,
Various animals, numberless birds, great cities, marvelous villages,
Monastery gardens, church houses, formidable princes, honorable boyars, many nobles+
Here is its old Russian text:
Oh, bright and beautifully decorated land of Ruska!
And surprised by many beauties thou art:
Lakes surprised by many thou art,
Rivers and local treasures,
Steep mountains, high hills,
Oak forests are clean, polish marvelous, wild animals,
Birds without number, great cities,
The villages are wondrous, the grapes are inhabited,
Church houses, and formidable princes,
The boyars are honest, the nobles are many.
Total thou art the Russian land has been fulfilled, oh, the faithful Christian faith!

So, today we talked about the origin of the old Russian greeting goy thou .
It originally meant wishes for life and health and exactly corresponds to our modern word

http://narodinfo.ru/articles/42048.html
* * *
goy at the same time worthy and going (from "ga" - the road). Therefore, the appeal of kaliks to Ilya Muromets has more than one meaning. Sidnam, who had been in prison for 30 years, gave water to the Kalikas. What are they telling him? "Goy, you are a good fellow." In other words, "You are a worthy person (goy)." And the other meaning is "You can walk"

Goy:
Goy (from the Indo-European root *gi “to live” → *goio “life”) is an Old Russian root with the meaning of life, life-giving force, best known as part of the epic formula goy be.

Goy (Hebrew גוי‎) is the term for a non-Jew in Judaism.
"Goy" is translated from ancient Hebrew as "people" (plural "goyim", "peoples"). In the Bible, this term is never applied to one person. This word is used 620 times in the Bible plural(goyim) and means many nations (eg Gen. 10:1). In the singular (goy), it occurs 136 times, and often refers to the Jewish people (goy gadol, Hebrew גוי גדול‎ - “great people”; Joshua 3:17), etc.). Thus, out of 10 uses of the word "goy" in the Pentateuch, 5 refer to the Jewish people.

At a later time, the word "goy" began to be used in Hebrew literature as a synonym for the word "nohri", that is, "alien".

In Erzya-Meryansk, KOY - LAW

ESI-ISTYAMO = What

(Sometimes used to enhance the degree of quality, we get "TRUE")

Therefore, in the first case - "what are you" - What law are you?

In the case of goyim - goy gadol = Great LAW

Goyim - Lawyers
Outlaws - Outlaws

Try to decipher the meanings inherent in the expression "Goy thou ...". It is unlikely that one of the professional linguists-philologists participated in this discussion, judging by the answers, but let this be their problem. In the end, the professional interpretation of this expression is quite common even without this post.

In principle, as I expected, all the main interpretations of the expression were given in the comments, especially if you count along with links to Wikipedia and other authoritative sources. And, most surprisingly, most of them are quite correct. But here's what's interesting.

First, the truth may be different for different people. That is, everyone sees his own images in the world around him, which are the truth for him, regardless of what and how they appear to everyone else. Another thing is that it is insanely pitiful how our ugly civilization stubbornly turns the richest living and figurative Russian language to an ever greater extent into meaningless sets of sounds and symbols. In the uttermost WITHOUT-Image.

And the difference in interpretations of the expression "Goy Thou" very well reflects this trend.

Those who noticed in these words only a formulaic appeal from interjections like “Hey you, dude” are right in their own way. For him personally, this is exactly the case. And so it asks to add after “And you finally from what district?”.

A little closer to the origins, or rather a little further from the degradation in understanding the language, those who see in the expression "goy be" an appeal like "Be healthy." By and large, let it be emasculated, but relatively adequate perception. Especially if you understand exactly what is meant by health.

All other interpretations are somehow connected with the understanding of the phrase "Be a goy". And if the word be quite clear - a call-wish, then there are quite significant disagreements with what kind of fruit such a "GOY" is and what it is eaten with.

I'll start with the main myth of our time. "Goyim are non-Jews." That is, according to this statement, any person of non-Jewish nationality is automatically a goy. Alas and ah, this is not the case on both sides at once.

Firstly, the Jews stopped calling themselves goyim only in the Middle Ages, which, you will agree, is rather late (or recently). Until that time, they did not make any distinction in terms of "goystvo" between themselves and everyone else. Yes, and there was this difference solely for internal reasons. It was necessary to distinguish oneself from all the rest, but there was no other unifying word for all these others.

Secondly, and this is much more important, not every non-Jewish person is a goy. Actually, today I am not at all sure whether GOI have remained on Earth. More likely no than yes. And all of us, alas, have long and hopelessly turned into IZ-Goys. But more on that later, when it becomes clear who the GOI are.

The name GOY in various sources refers to the Proto-Slavic and Indo-European roots, meaning "life", "to live". On this, as usual, all the great philologists-linguists calm down. What's next? We did find it. What exactly did they find? The first word from which all the others are derived? Yes, we found it. But if I understand the meaning of the profession correctly, then this is not exactly the same as archeology. Finding the source is clearly not enough. Yes, and any self-respecting archaeologist, having unearthed something, will not wash his hands, but still try to understand what exactly he unearthed. Philologists-linguists for some reason prefer not to do this. It’s even funnier when they try to write down all these ancient roots in Latin, which, in comparison with all other languages, is itself like a baby in a sandbox.

Anyway. Although there are very big doubts that the roots from Sanskrit got into the Old Russian language, and not vice versa, let's leave this slippery moment for many. Another thing is important, but why is “GO” alive? And what is J-I-V-O-Y in general in the understanding of our ancient ancestors?

The word GO-Y has the root GO and an indication of the subjectivity "Y". I-short in Russian indicates precisely subjectivity and is most accurately deciphered as “the one that”. That is, GO-Y is the one that GO.

GO has many meanings and images. Including GO in ancient times was called the Milky Way. Milky, because the Celestial cow Zemun splashed her milk across the Sky, from which the Earths, Worlds and Suns and Stars arose. That is, it is an Act of Creation of Life, which is the Movement of the World.

G-Movement, O-God. GO - Movement of the Supreme, creating the World. Hence GO-Y is the one who Creates the World by movement. And it is this feature, this activity that makes him (Goy) Alive.

The Russian (Proto-Slavic) origin of the Concept of Life, ZHIVA is indicated by the fact that nowhere, except in our language, there is a symbol (and by and large the Rune) “Ж”, which contains the symbolism of this concept. This is a composite complex Rune, consisting either of a set of "I" + "X", or of two "K" - straight and mirror. Both combinations have their own special meaning. "I" - means the unity of all spheres of the Universe from material dust to the Heights of the Creation of the Spirit. "X" - the concentration of consciousness on the border of the material and spiritual here and now. Direct and mirror "K" together symbolize the unity of the past, present and future. Everything that happened in the past is the cause of the present, from which the possibilities of choosing the future follow.

If we combine everything together, then Life is the awareness of the unity of the World in the entire range of its frequency vibrations and the unity of all times, concentrated in the present moment. “There is only a moment between the past and the future, it is he who is called life” - this is just about that. But this is not just awareness, it is also awareness of oneself in this world and the ability to control the world based on this Knowledge.

GO-Y is not just a living person, it is a person who has the consciousness of the Creator, is able to create the world with his own Mind, not subject to external circumstances, but changing them to suit his needs. There is nothing external for Goy, for he is one with the world, owns it and creates it for himself. It is not MA-G that moves Maya (the material illusion of the World), it is much more. Read Russian fairy tales. In them, the characters often perform actions that look from the “height” of our knowledge of the world as irrepressible fantasy. And they just show the properties of GOs. No more and no less.

That's who GO-Y is. And the hostile attitude of the Jews, who separated themselves from the rest of the world and ceased to consider themselves goyim, who tried to crush it for themselves, is quite understandable. GOY is dangerous. He does not perceive illusions, he is not affected by MO-ROK. He sees the essence, intentions and consequences. Because he sees any true movements of the World in the inseparable connection of the past-present-future.

It is no coincidence that in relation to this understanding, the word Y-OG is a direct reflection of the word GO-Y. If we remember who the YOGs are and what they do, we will see that these are people who have lost the properties of the Goyim, but through complex physical and mental practices, trying to regain what they have lost.

But at least they try. All the rest of us, alas, do not even do this. All of us have long and firmly become FROM-GOI, FROM-LIVED out of ourselves unity with the world, lost their original abilities and actually turned from LIVING into NOT-Dead. We all have become just biorobots, not understanding why and why we exist.

Well, “GOY Esi” - “Be a GOY”, “Be Alive” - this is really a call-wish. A wish for awakening and fullness of Life in the most intimate and true sense. If you want, the wish of awareness and realization of one's true destiny.
"GOY you, my Native Russia"

“Oh, you, goy, good fellow!” - from time to time we read how a hero is greeted with such words in fairy tales, songs and epics. Now it may seem that the forgotten word "goy" is just an interjection, something in between the exclamations "gay!" and “oh!”, but in such a simplified version it was not always; Initially, it had a much more definite and even sacred meaning.

The greeting of the goy, which was used by the Eastern Slavs, dates back to ancient times. The word "goy" among the ancient peoples from time immemorial was associated with health, life, life-giving force. For example, in the Avestan language the word gaya meant life, the time of life. The Lithuanian gajus referred to that which cures easily. Here closely adjoin the Ukrainian goiti - to heal, heal, and the Polish goic with the same meanings.

Tell the other person " !" was equivalent to our "be healthy!", "be alive!". The very same word goy was the imperative form of the verb goit - to be healthy, to live well, to be healthy.

True, there are other versions of this. In modern Russian, only two words with the root goyim: outcast and outcast. And who is an outcast, we are well aware - a person who has fallen out of the social environment, a renegade, survived from the family (although in the old days this word did not always refer to those who simply slid down the social ladder).

If a goy means life, it turns out that the word outcast means a person outside of life, one who no longer lives in this white world, in a word, an exile. According to another version, in a word goy the community was designated, and indeed the world as a whole. In this case, an outcast is a stranger who comes from a foreign community. Most of the outcasts - if we turn to the ancient chronicles - were in Novgorod, which was traditionally inhabited by different tribes. In the process of decomposition of the patriarchal community, many became combatants or merchants. So the outcasts included quite a few big number people: from a simple native of the community to a bean wandering around the world (that is, a personally free person). In this case, since the outcast was a person who broke away from his society, then goy, on the contrary, referred to a person immersed in his native environment.

However, if the word goy perceive that way, then the appeal “oh, you, , good fellow! literally meant “you, good fellow, are our man”, “you are a man from our kind”. How can one not recall Kipling's "we are of the same blood - you and me!". However, greetings tied to terms of kinship were completely uncharacteristic of the Eastern Slavs, and it looks a little strange to address the first person you meet as a native.

Therefore, nevertheless, it is worth sticking to the version that the greeting meant to all of us an understandable and familiar hello, especially since in some epics one can also find transitional options:

He goes to Gridnya - yes, he prays to God,
And she worships the mother-nurse:
“Hello, dear mother!”
"Hello, young Nightingale,
And the young Nightingale Budimerovich!”

Goiases and voyas

Gradually becomes a simple exclamation and is distorted to not entirely intelligible goiases, which, in turn, become very distant voices. Sometimes it came to the point that the word voyasy was taken for the word war.

And to replace the ancient greeting goyim forms with a Proto-Slavic basis come to health, which we use to this day. They no longer ascend to the idea of ​​life-giving power. Initially, "sudorov" meant "from a good tree." Its application is also expanding: if has never been used as a farewell greeting, then the phrase "be healthy!" now you can meet and say goodbye.