Name: Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze
State: Russian Empire, USSR
Field of activity: Revolutionary, commander of the Red Army
Greatest Achievement: Successful military operations in the Civil War. Victory over the armies of Kolchak and Wrangel
Mikhail Frunze was born into the family of a paramedic in January 1885 in Kyrgyzstan.
He entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute.
As a result of active work in the name of revolutionary ideas, Mikhail was arrested and even sentenced to death. But each time, under the pressure of public opinion, the execution was replaced by hard labor in Siberia.
During military operations in Turkestan and the Caucasus, he discovered the talent of a military commissar, revealing himself as a far-sighted strategist and tactician.
Despite the lack of military education, he is appointed commander.
A man who went through hard labor, military operations on the fields of the civil war, who had so many ideas and plans, could not resist a heart attack.
Mikhail Frunze was born into the family of a paramedic in January 1885 in Kyrgyzstan. He was left without a father early, but thanks to the efforts of his mother, he graduated from the gymnasium with excellent marks and entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. Participation in the events of 1905 led to expulsion from the institute, but brought him even closer to the revolutionaries and strengthened his choice. As a result of active work in the name of revolutionary ideas, Mikhail was arrested and even sentenced to death. But each time, under the pressure of public opinion, the execution was replaced by hard labor in Siberia.
In 1916, upon returning to Moscow, he received the post of head of the Minsk police, but the Civil War changed his life. During military operations in Turkestan and the Caucasus, he discovered the talent of a military commissar, revealing himself as a far-sighted strategist and tactician. At the end civil war he returns to Moscow and is a member of the Council of People's Commissars. As an educated and deeply decent person, he enjoys great respect among the people and party colleagues.
Youth
After being expelled from the institute, young Mikhail Frunze settled in Ivano-Voznesensk. There he caught the revolution of 1905. In the same place, he shot at an official, for which in 1907, by court order, he was sent to hard labor, which seriously undermined his health. He came out of hard labor a convinced Bolshevik.
Returning back to Ivanovo-Voznesensk, he continued his agitation and became the leader of the labor movement in the city. There he met the revolution of 1917 and soon became the commissar of the Yaroslavl military district, along the way creating workers' self-defense units.
Civil War
During the Civil War, Mikhail Vasilyevich fights in the East, where he has to fight against the admiral. Despite the lack of military education, he is appointed commander. Many doubted: will it work? But he not only managed, but was also recommended for the post of Commander-in-Chief of a group consisting of 4 armies.
Frunze was sent to where it was necessary to quickly assess the combat situation and immediately begin to act. He passed through the Urals, Bukhara, Turkestan, fought against in Ukraine. One of the most difficult operations was the assault on the Perekop fortifications - a fierce battle, as a result of which the city was wiped off the face of the earth.
Thanks to the Perekop operation, the army under the command of Frunze occupied the Crimea. Later there was the organization of the armed forces in Ukraine, the fight against banditry. The next stage was party work in Moscow.
It was planned that he would also head the Fleet. But fate decreed otherwise. A man who went through hard labor, military operations on the fields of the civil war, who had so many ideas and plans, could not resist a heart attack.
In the newspaper "Izvestia" dated November 13, 1925, a speech by Leon Trotsky dedicated to the memory of Frunze was published. Trotsky was persecuted as part of the "witch hunt", this was only the beginning of the era of Stalinist repression. Under pressure from the trio of leaders Zinoviev-Kamenev-Stalin, Trotsky was forced to leave his post, and Frunze took the place of the military commissar. The positions of Frunze and Zinoviev converged on many issues.
But, despite the fact of his resignation, he respected Frunze as a comrade-in-arms in promoting the ideas of Bolshevism. Here is a part of Trotsky's speech dedicated to the memory of Frunze:
Per last years we are losing one by one the best sons of the Soviet country. On October 31, I received a telegram signed by Comrade Stalin, which said that Frunze had died. We all knew that Frunze was ill, but who among the older generation of fighters for our cause is not ill now? Everyone believed that Frunze would definitely return to duty. I tried to read something encouraging between the lines of the telegram, but the fact remains that Frunze is no longer with us. One of the most worthy fighters has passed away and will be buried near the Kremlin wall, on Red Square. My first desire was to go to his colleagues and together with them pay tribute to the memory and respect for this man. The entire Soviet Union wears mourning these days, flags are flown at half mast in memory of the glorious fighter. Being in Kislovodsk, I am mentally near and in solidarity with the leadership of the country and all progressive forces. The Communist Party has lost one of its best sons.
Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze. FRUNZE Mikhail Vasilyevich (1885 1925), Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs (1925). In 1904, 15 was repeatedly arrested and exiled, twice sentenced to death, then commuted to life ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (party pseudonym ≈ Arseniy, Trifonych), Soviet party, statesman and military leader, military theorist. Member of the Communist Party since 1904. Born in a family ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Frunze Mikhail Vasilievich- (18851925), party, statesman and military leader, military theorist. Member of the Communist Party since 1904. Studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (1904). Revolutionary activity began in St. Petersburg. Active member... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1885 1925) political and military figure. In 1905, he led the Ivanovo Voznesenskaya strike. In 1909, 10 was twice sentenced to death. During the Civil War, the commander of the army, the Southern Group of Forces of the Eastern Front, the Eastern, Turkestan ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1885 1925), party, statesman and military leader, military theorist. Member of the Communist Party since 1904. Studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute (1904). Revolutionary activity began in St. Petersburg. Active member... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
- (1885 1925), political and military figure. In 1905, he led the Ivanovo Voznesenskaya strike. In 1909 1910 he was twice sentenced to death, replaced by eternal hard labor. In the Civil War, the commander of the army, the Southern Group of Forces of the Eastern ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Frunze, Mikhail Vasilievich- (pseudo Arseny, Trifonych) (20.01 (01.02.) 1885, Bishkek 10.31.1925, Moscow), owl. state and military figure. From the family of a military paramedic. He graduated from high school, entered St. Petersburg. polytechnic int (1904), arrested for roaring. activity and expelled from St. Petersburg. AT … Ural Historical Encyclopedia
Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze 2nd People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR ... Wikipedia
Frunze M. V. (1885 1925) b. in the city of Pishpek, Jetysuy (formerly Semirechensk) region. (Turkestan). His father, a Russified Romanian Moldavian, a peasant in the Tiraspol district of the Kherson province, was serving his military service in Turkestan and at the end of it ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Frunze, Mikhail Vasilievich- (1885 1925) Revolutionary, hero of the Civil War. F. joined the Bolshevik Party in 1904, organizing textile workers near Moscow and leading several large strikes in 1905. After the defeat of the revolution, Frunze was arrested and ... ... Historical reference book of a Russian Marxist
Books
- Military Doctrine of the Red Army, Frunze Mikhail Vasilyevich. During the years of the Civil War, Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze commanded the Eastern and Southern Red Fronts, defeated the white armies of Kolchak and Wrangel, occupied the Crimea, led the Soviet armed forces in ...
The Russian Military Historical Society continues the cycle of stories about events, the centenary of the beginning of which is celebrated this year.
Start life path and revolutionary activities
The life path of Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze began in the city of Bishkek, Semirechensk region. Here, in the family of the paramedic Vasily Frunze, on January 21 (February 2), 1885, the future commander was born. In the city of Verny (now Alma-Ata), he was educated at a local gymnasium. In 1904 he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, but, as befits a professional revolutionary, he failed to graduate from the university. The arrest and subsequent expulsion completed his education in the capital. All further revolutionary activities of Mikhail Frunze are filled with events that could become the plot for an exciting adventure novel.
On January 9, 1905, on a day that went down in history as, he was among the participants in the procession to the Winter Palace. Much later, Mikhail Vasilyevich said that this event made him a "general of the revolution." During the December uprising in Moscow, a detachment of weavers under the leadership of "Comrade Arseny" successfully operated on the barricades of Krasnaya Presnya. That was the party pseudonym Frunze. At the IV Congress of the RSDLP, he met with.
In 1907, Frunze was elected a delegate to the 5th Congress of the RSDLP, but his arrest and subsequent sentence to four years in hard labor did not allow him to take part in the work of the congress. Already under arrest, he, along with a friend, tried to kill a policeman. For attempted murder, Frunze was sentenced to death, which was avoided only thanks to the intervention of the public, but another six years of hard labor were added to the main term.
I.I. Brodsky. Portrait of M.V. Frunze
Conclusions began in various hard labor prisons, and in March 1914 he was sent to an eternal settlement in the village of Manzurka, Irkutsk Region, from where he escaped in 1915. The party sent Frunze to work in Belarus, where on March 4, 1917, the birthday of the Belarusian police, he was appointed temporary head of the Minsk police. In Minsk, Mikhail Vasilievich worked until September 1917, then, on behalf of the party, he arrived at the service in the city of Shuya. Here his authority was very high, he occupied only key administrative posts. In October 1917, Frunze was in the forefront of the insurgent Moscow proletariat. In 1918 he returned to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province.
"General of the Revolution"
In August 1918, Frunze transferred to the post of military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district. At this time, the Civil War was gaining momentum in the country, and Mikhail Vasilyevich proved himself to be a talented commander of the new people's army.
M.V. Frunze in 1919
Frunze led the 4th Army of the Red Army, later the Southern Group of the Eastern Front. It was his troops that defeated the white troops during Kolchak's spring offensive of 1919. The leadership talents of Mikhail Vasilyevich were duly appreciated by the leadership of the Soviet republic, and he became the commander of the Turkestan army, and later of the entire Eastern Front. The Red Army confidently advanced to the East, towards the Urals, and victoriously fought against the Kolchakites. In 1920, Mikhail Frunze fought with the troops of the Emir of Bukhara and.
When the Red Army entered the Crimea, Frunze ordered that the White Guards who had surrendered be spared. The leadership in Moscow did not like this very much, and he was even reprimanded personally by V. I. Lenin. Frunze did not participate in the repressions of the prisoners, he was urgently transferred to Ukraine, where he was to fight the detachments of Nestor Makhno. He also successfully completed this task. For his successes during the Civil War, Mikhail Frunze was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
peaceful days
In early 1925, Frunze served as chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and was appointed People's Commissar for Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Vasilyevich believed that in military affairs, not only the firm discipline and training of the army, but also its technical equipment should be at the forefront.
In an article published in the Pravda newspaper, he proclaimed the slogan "Give us equipment!". Frunze said that future military clashes would depend more on men of science than on command. It was under him that the development of aviation, the navy and tank troops began.
Mikhail Frunze and Klim Voroshilov take over the parade on Red Square
Mikhail Frunze also showed himself as a military theoretician. He prepared a number of scientific works, among which are such as "Reorganization of the Red Army" (1921) and "Front and rear in the war of the future" (1924). Subsequently, these and other works of his influenced the formation of a unified Soviet military doctrine.
Unfortunately, the life of Mikhail Vasilyevich was interrupted very early. After going through the hard times of the Civil War, he died on the operating table on October 31, 1925.
The memory of the people's commander was immortalized in the names of geographical objects, the names of numerous settlements, districts, streets, squares. The hometown of M. Frunze - Bishkek - from 1926 to 1991 bore the name of the legendary commander. Until 1998, the Higher Military Academy was also named after him.
Monument to M.V. Frunze in Ivanovo
We add that with biographies of famous military figures Patriotic history You can find it on the website created by the Russian Military Historical Society.
In the Soviet Union, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, a city in Moldova, numerous villages and towns, ships, mountain peaks in the Pamirs and an airfield in Moscow were named after him. An outstanding figure in the revolutionary movement, the author of the first Soviet military doctrine, a reformer of the Red Army. He became a legend during his lifetime and is still perceived by many of us, especially the older generation, as a legend.
Biography of Mikhail Frunze
He was the son of a Moldavian and a Russian peasant woman. The surname Frunze in translation from the Moldavian language means "green leaf". Mikhail was born on January 21, 1885 in the Kyrgyz city of Bishkek. His father was a military paramedic, passed away when the boy was only 12 years old. The mother alone raised five children. Mikhail graduated from the gymnasium with a gold medal. He knew seven foreign languages and recited the whole of Eugene Onegin by heart. Frunze himself wrote poetry in his youth, however, under a somewhat sinister pseudonym - "Ivan Mogila". The young man dreamed of becoming an economist, for which he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. However, even in the gymnasium, he became interested in revolutionary ideas.
In 1904 he joined the RSDLP. Soon he was arrested for the first time, and then expelled from the institute as unreliable. During a manifestation on Palace Square in St. Petersburg, known as "Bloody Sunday", he was wounded. Frunze received the party pseudonym "Comrade Arseniy". He is assigned to work in Moscow, as well as in nearby cities - Voznesensk and Shuya. He took an active part in the December armed uprising in Moscow. He was repeatedly arrested by the police, and twice was even sentenced to death.
Thanks to the efforts of lawyers, both times the death penalty was replaced by ten years of hard labor. Conclusion Frunze served in the Vladimir, Alexandrov and Nikolaev hard labor prisons. After seven years of imprisonment, he was sent to a settlement in the Irkutsk province. There he creates an underground organization of exiles. He runs to Chita and lives on a false passport. In 1916 he returned to Moscow. After the February Revolution, he served as the head of the Minsk police. Frunze is elected Chairman of the Council of Deputies in the Minsk province.
During the revolutionary days, Mikhail Vasilyevich falls in love and marries Sophia Koltanovskaya. From this marriage two children were born. In 1918, Frunze became the military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district. Interestingly, until this moment he had never served in the army. During the civil war he commanded the Turkestan army. Then he was transferred to the Eastern Front and to Turkmenistan, where he became famous for his extremely cruel methods of fighting the Basmachi. Defended Samara from Kolchak. After a brilliant victory over Kolchak, Frunze was entrusted with the command of the Turkestan Front. Soon Turkestan becomes Soviet.
In the autumn of 1920, Frunze finishes off the remnants of Baron Wrangel's army in the Crimea. The soldiers of the white army were guaranteed forgiveness. Tens of thousands believed it, and paid with their lives. Until 1924, Frunze occupied many leadership positions and took part in punitive operations against that part of the population that continued to be in opposition to the Bolsheviks. He receives the second Order of the Red Banner for the defeat of Makhno's troops. For the first time in the history of the Soviet Republic, he is holding diplomatic negotiations with Turkey.
According to the military reform, unity of command was introduced in the army, its number was significantly reduced. The influence of the political departments on the command staff of the army has significantly decreased. After Trotsky's political defeat, Frunze replaced him in all command posts. He died on October 31, 1925 as a result of an unsuccessful operation to remove a stomach ulcer.
- The writer Boris Pilnyak, in The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon, considered Frunze's death to be a disguised political assassination by Stalin.
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“Military affairs are simple and quite accessible to the sound mind of a person. But it is difficult to fight,” wrote the famous theorist and historian General Carl von Clausewitz. This idea can be confirmed by the biographies of many famous commanders who became military only due to a combination of circumstances.
As you know, the civil profession of Marshal Georgy Zhukov is a furrier, Konstantin Rokossovsky is a stonemason, and Marshal of Tank Troops Mikhail Katukov is a milkman. Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze can also be attributed to the number of those who fell into the galaxy of famous military leaders, as they say, “from a civilian”. A professional revolutionary who, having become one of the commanders of the Red Army, defeated white generals with an academic education during the Civil War.
Gymnasium student from Pishpek
Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze was born on January 21, 1885 in the small town of Pish-pek, Semirechensk region. Now it is the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek. His father, a Moldavian by nationality, was a paramedic. Mother - Russian, daughter of an exiled Narodnaya Volya.
Mikhail Frunze became acquainted with socialist ideas while studying at a gymnasium in the city of Verny (now Alma-Ata). And although the young schoolboy showed great abilities in the natural sciences, the desire to take part in the transformation of Russia according to the principles of social justice turned out to be stronger.
Mikhail graduated from the gymnasium in Verny with a gold medal. In 1904 he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, where he studied economics. It was then that Frunze decided to become a professional revolutionary. He never finished college. Mikhail decided, in his own words, "to change his whole life so that no one has poverty and deprivation, never ...".
In the same year, 1904, at the age of nineteen, Frunze joined the ranks of the RSDLP. It is interesting that, unlike his party comrades, he occupied somewhat different, if I may say so, pro-imperial positions. For example, he did not want Russia's defeat in the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and deeply experienced the failures of the Russian army and navy.
Nevertheless, Frunze actively waged anti-government agitation among the workers of St. Petersburg factories. He participated in the procession of the people to the Winter Palace on January 9, 1905 and was wounded in the hand during the execution of a workers' demonstration by the tsarist troops.
Twice sentenced
After the tragic events in St. Petersburg, Frunze, on the instructions of the party, went to Ivanovo-Voznesensk. There, under the party pseudonyms Comrade Arseny and Mikhailov, he began work in the third largest industrial region of the Russian Empire in terms of the number of workers. He led a general strike of textile workers and created a fighting squad.
It was in Ivanovo-Voznesensk that the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies in Russia was created. Under the leadership of Frunze, strikes, rallies, seizures of weapons were carried out, leaflets were compiled and published. During this period, Frunze also collaborated with representatives of other political parties. It was then that he showed the makings of a military leader.
In December 1905, he, along with his militants, took part in an armed uprising in Moscow on Presnya. Although the performance was badly organized, the rebels managed to hold out for some time. The barricades on Presnya were defeated only after the arrival of the Semyonovsky Guards Regiment from St. Petersburg in Moscow.
In 1906, Frunze went to Stockholm, where he took part in the IV Congress of the RSDLP. He was the youngest delegate to the congress. In Stockholm, Frunze met Lenin and other Bolshevik leaders.
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was defeated. The Bolsheviks, who had previously denied terrorist methods of fighting for power, decided to use them. Although not as radical as the Socialist-Revolutionaries. Frunze, as a person who already had experience in armed struggle, took part in some military actions. So, he organized the capture of a printing house in Shuya in January 1907 and an armed attack on a police officer.
For this, the court twice sentenced Frunze to death by hanging. But under public pressure (including as a result of the personal intervention of the famous writer Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko), the sentence was commuted. Frunze's death penalty was commuted to six years hard labor.
After serving his sentence, he lived in exile in Siberia. In 1916, Frunze escaped from exile, moved to the European part of Russia and ended up at the front as a volunteer. However, soon, on the instructions of the Bolshevik Party, he, using the passport of Mikhail Alexandrovich Mikhailov, went to work in the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, becoming the so-called "Zemgusar". At the same time, he conducted revolutionary agitation among the soldiers of the Western Front.
By the beginning of the February Revolution, Frunze already had a reputation among the Bolsheviks as a military specialist (although he never received a military education).
From Commissar to Commander
The February Revolution of 1917 found Frunze in Minsk. He created a detachment of Red Guards there, with whom he went to Moscow in October 1917, where he took part in street battles in the Mother See.
In early 1918, Frunze was appointed military commissar of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province. And in August 1918 he became the military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district. It was in this position that Frunze began to cooperate with Major General of the General Staff Fedor Fedorovich Novitsky, who had great experience military and staff service. Novitsky at that time headed the Yaroslavl Military District and was engaged in the formation of divisions for the Red Army.
Novitsky quickly appreciated the acumen and ability of his commissar. Later, the former tsarist general recalled: “Frunze had an amazing ability to quickly understand the most complex and new issues for him, to separate the essential from the secondary in them, and then distribute the work among the performers in accordance with the abilities of each. He also knew how to select people, as if by instinct guessing who was capable of what ... "
Frunze, unlike many Bolsheviks, respected and appreciated the so-called "military experts" - former tsarist officers and generals. He did not hesitate to learn from them much that he himself did not yet know well. Under their guidance, Frunze was engaged in self-education, studying books by military theorists and diligently studying textbooks on military art.
Frunze began to directly command the troops only in the spring of 1919, when he was appointed commander of the 4th Army of the Eastern Front.
Before that, the 4th Army was defeated by the Whites during unsuccessful battles against Kolchak. Frunze had not only to reorganize it, but also to raise the morale, which this army had lost after a long retreat.
In addition, Frunze assumed command of the so-called Southern Group of Forces of the Eastern Front, which dealt the main blow to the admiral Kolchak's advancing troops. The sudden attack of the Frunze group on the flank of the Western White Army in the Buzuluk region brought success to the general offensive of the Red Army and ultimately led to a turning point in the situation at the front and the transfer of initiative from the Whites to the Reds.
The whole series of offensive operations of the Reds turned out to be successful - Bugulma (Buguruslan), Belebeiskaya, Ufimskaya and Sa-rapulo-Votkinskaya, which were successively carried out from the end of April to the second half of June 1919. As a result of these operations, the armies of Admiral Kolchak were defeated and thrown back from the Volga region to the Urals, and later driven out to Siberia. For the successful leadership of military operations on the Eastern Front, Frunze was awarded his first Order of the Red Banner.
It must be said that Mikhail Vasilyevich possessed not only experience in party work, but also the charisma of a military leader capable of leading troops. He was characterized by personal courage and determination. When necessary, Frunze was in the thick of the battle, sometimes with a rifle in his hands, in the battle formations of his troops. In June 1919, near Ufa, he was shell-shocked by a bomb dropped from a White Guard airplane.
"East is a delicate matter..."
As a "specialist in the East," Frunze was appointed commander of the Turkestan Front in August 1919. And, as it turned out, not in vain. Under the command of Frunze, they managed to unblock the Turkestan group of troops of the Red Army. And also to defeat the Southern, Separate Ural, Separate Orenburg and Semirechensk armies of the whites. In late August - early September 1920, the Turkestan army stormed Bukhara, thereby putting an end to the Bukhara Emirate.
In September 1920, Frunze was appointed commander of the Southern Front, whose task was to defeat the Russian army of General Wrangel in the Crimea. The Perekop-Chongar operation was successfully carried out by Frunze, and the Insurgent Army of another nugget of the people's commander, Nestor Makhno, provided considerable assistance to the advancing Red Army. By the way, a good personal relationship developed between Makhno and Frunze. Unfortunately, it was Frunze who was later instructed by the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, Lev Trotsky, to liquidate Makhno. And - obeying party discipline, Mikhail Vasilyevich was forced to fulfill this order.
In a battle with the Makhnovists in the summer of 1921, Frunze was wounded. According to a contemporary, “from the Central Committee of the CPB (u) for this risk, comrade. Frunze received a nadir, and from the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, the second Order of the Red Banner. But Frunze was not afraid of the "nadir".
In 1921-1922, Frunze had to carry out not only a military, but also a diplomatic mission. In August 1921, the government of Soviet Ukraine, by agreement with the government of the RSFSR, appointed Frunze, who at that time commanded the armed forces of the Ukrainian SSR, as ambassador extraordinary to the Republic of Turkey.
Then Turkey, due to the tense situation at the front and the financial crisis in the country, was going through difficult days. Frunze persistently suggested that the Soviet government find additional funds to help Turkey. After Frunze's trip to Turkey, Moscow increased its diplomatic, military and financial assistance to the Turkish government. Soviet Russia considered Mustafa Kemal Ataturk its ally and provided his army, which was fighting against the Greek forces, with great help.
M. Frunze takes the parade of the Red Army on November 7, 1924 on Red Square in Moscow.
And not only weapons. It is believed that Frunze helped the Turkish command in developing offensive operations against the Greeks, which ended in the victory of the Turkish troops. It is not for nothing that the monument to Ataturk in Istanbul on Taksim Square, opened in 1928, has sculptural portraits of Mikhail Frunze and Kliment Voroshilov. This was done at the behest of Mustafa Kemal himself in gratitude for military assistance from Soviet Russia in the war of 1920.
Trotsky's opponent
After the death of Lenin in 1924, a struggle began in the leadership of the USSR between the groups of Trotsky and Stalin. Trotsky ceased to be the People's Commissariat of War, but many of his nominees remained in the army and navy. To fight them, Stalin decided to use a man who had great authority in the Red Army, and at the same time was not a supporter of Trotsky. Mikhail Frunze became such a person.
In 1924, he was appointed to the posts of Chief of Staff of the Red Army, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Head of the Military Academy of the Red Army. And in 1925, Frunze became chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs.
The Red Army after the end of the Civil War was a pitiful sight. Military reform was urgently needed. This is what her new leader did. The reform of the Red Army consisted in an attempt to create a regular army, organize a territorial system of troops and improve the quality of command staff. In addition, it was necessary to improve combat training, remove unreliable elements from the armed forces, reorganize the supply of troops, and strengthen unity of command. Frunze, carrying out military reform, wrote a number of military-theoretical works, including those related to the development of the military doctrine of the Red Army.
At the age of 40, he died unexpectedly on the operating table at the Soldatenkovskaya (Botkinskaya) hospital in Moscow after a routine operation for a stomach ulcer. There are many different versions about the causes of this death. The main one was death from cardiac arrest, which followed from the effects of anesthesia, the intolerance of which Frunze had.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze was buried near the Kremlin wall. His son Timur became a fighter pilot and died in action in 1942 near Staraya Russa. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Viktor TROFIMOV
